多倍体水稻从头驯化:育种策略与展望  

De novo domestication of polyploid rice: a novel breeding strategy and future prospects

作　　者：张静昆 曾鹏 余泓[1] 孟祥兵[1] 李家洋[1,2] ZHANG JingKun;ZENG Peng;YU Hong;MENG XiangBing;LI Jia Yang(State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,植物基因组学国家重点实验室,中国科学院种子创新研究院,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2021年第10期1467-1476,共10页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国科学院联合项目(批准号:L192400064,XK2019SMC008);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:31788103);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(批准号:XDA24030504);科技部重点研发项目(批准号:2016YFD0101800)资助。

摘　　要：伴随着世界人口激增、耕地面积锐减以及极端天气频发等问题,世界粮食安全依然面临严峻挑战.为应对各种挑战,选择生物量大、抗逆能力强、营养高效的野生多倍体水稻进行从头驯化,培育高产、优质、多抗且环境适应性强的新型作物是人类应对日益严峻挑战的有效策略之一.本文系统论述了作物育种技术的发展、多倍体作物的优势以及稻属资源的多样性,并从种质筛选、技术突破、可行性等方面重点介绍了多倍体水稻从头驯化的育种策略,同时对这一全新育种策略的发展前景进行了展望.World food security is still facing severe challenges owing to the increase of world population, the decrease of arable land and more frequent extreme weather events. One of the effective strategies to meet these challenges is to select wild polyploid rice with large biomass, strong resistance ability and high nutrition efficiency, so that new crops with super yield, high quality, multi-resistance and strong environmental adaptability can be bred through de novo domestication. In this review, we provide a systematical overview of the development of breeding techniques, the advantages of polyploid crops and the diversity of Oryza genus, and introduce a novel breeding strategy of de novo domestication from the aspects of germplasm selection, technological breakthrough and feasibility. We also provide the prospect for the new breeding strategy for future crops.

关 键 词：水稻 多倍体 野生种质 从头驯化 基因组序列 基因组编辑 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]