桐城派与清代学术思想体系的历史建构  

The Tongcheng School and the Historical Construction of the Academic System of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张德建[1] Zhang Dejian

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期111-121,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：从“孔门四科”到“学术三分”,至宋代逐渐形成了一个共有的学术体系:道德、政事、文学三位一体,涵括了儒学思想、社会治理、文学表达。到了清代,在趋于专制的大背景下,作为本体的道德之学和作为政事的实践之学整体衰退:道统的权力归于皇帝,考据之学放弃了义理的解释权;政事在礼学复兴、讲求实用实行和精神日趋萎弱的背景下,渐由实学递降为治术。桐城派以文学而主持义理,以文学而兼考据,建构起义理、考据、辞章的学术体系,以其批判性、开放性、发展性使这一学术体系既支撑了桐城文学和桐城学术,也使得它在晚清的大变局中成为重要资源之一,开启了新变。From the“Four Branches of Confucianism”to the“Academic Tripartition”,a common academic system had been gradually formed in the Song Dynasty:the trinity of morality,government,and literature,covering Confucian thoughts,social governance,and literary expression.In the Qing dynasty,in the context of the tendency toward autocracy,the essential study of morality and the pragmatic study of governance declined.The power of orthodox was vested in the emperor,and textual study gave up the right in the interpretation of principle studies.With the revival of ritual,the pursuit of practical implementation,and the increasingly weakened scholars spirit,governance was reduced to the study of the art of governance.In this context,however,the Tongcheng school prioritized principles through literature,enclosed textual studies with literature,and constructed the academic system of principle studies,textual studies,and diction.With its criticality,openness and development,this system supported Tongcheng literature and Tongcheng academics,becoming one of the important resources in the great changes of the late Qing period.

关 键 词：清代学术 桐城派 学术三分 义理与文学 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学] B249[哲学宗教—中国哲学]