羽毛球运动员足踝落地瞬间生物力学特征与运动风险分析  

Biomechanical Characteristics and Sports Risk Analysis on Foot-Ankle Joints of Badminton Players at the Moment of Landing

作　　者：赵文悦 孟庆华[1,2] 鲍春雨[2,3] ZHAO Wenyue;MENG Qinghua;BAO Chunyu(College of Physical Education and Educational Sciences,Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 301617,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Sports Physiology and Sports Medicine,Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 301617,China;College of Social Sports and Health Sciences,Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 301617,China)

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院体育教育与教育科学学院,天津301617 [2]天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室,天津301617 [3]天津体育学院社会体育与健康科学学院,天津301617

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2021年第5期805-810,共6页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11372223,11102135);天津市自然科学基金重点项目(17JCZDJC36000,18JCZDJC35900)。

摘　　要：目的探讨羽毛球运动员足踝落地瞬间生物力学特征对运动风险的影响,为避免初学者踝关节高频次、高强度触地发生运动风险提供参考。方法采用三维测力台和动作捕捉系统,对30名羽毛球运动初学者(实验组)和30名高水平运动员(对照组)在进行蹬转(1步)起跳动作时踝关节落地瞬间的运动学与动力学数据进行采集。结果实验组跖屈背屈角度均显著小于对照组,实验组内翻和内旋角度均显著大于对照组,外翻和外旋角度不存在显出差异。实验组向左右方向力均显著大于对照组,实验组与对照组前后方向力和垂直方向力不存在显著性差异。实验组外翻、外旋力矩均显著大于对照组,对照组内旋力矩显著高于实验组。结论相比初学者,专业运动员踝关节运动具有良好的动态稳定性和灵活性,左右方向较小的活动幅度和受力就可以完成缓冲任务,并且专业运动员跖屈背屈角度增大,也是良好训练效果的体现,使缓冲时间稍微加长,以防止踝关节突然落地时刻的冲击。Objective To explore the influence of biomechanical characteristics of badminton players on sports risk at the moment of foot and ankle landing,so as to provide references basis for avoiding the sports risk of highfrequency and high-intensity landing of ankle joint of beginners.Methods Using three-dimensional force measuring platform and motion capture system,the kinematic and dynamic data of 30 badminton beginners(experimental group)and 30 high-level athletes(control group)at the kick-off(1 step)moment during ankle landing were collected.Results The angles of metatarsal flexion and dorsiflexion in experimental group were significantly smaller than those in control group,and the angles of varus and internal rotation in experimental group were significantly larger than those in control group.The left-right forces in experimental group were significantly larger than those in control group,and there was no significant difference in anterior-posterior force and vertical force between experimental group and control group.The valgus and external rotation torque of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group,and the internal rotation torque of control group was significantly higher than that of experimental group.Conclusions Compared with beginners,the ankle movement of professional athletes has good dynamic stability and flexibility,the cushioning task can be completed with a smaller range of movement and force in left-right direction,and the angle of metatarsal flexion and dorsiflexion of professional athletes is relatively increased.It is also the embodiment of good training effect,so that the buffer time is slightly longer to prevent the impact of sudden landing of the ankle.

关 键 词：羽毛球 踝关节 运动学 地面反作用力 运动风险 

分 类 号：G847[文化科学—体育训练]