青藏高原生态安全屏障状况与保护对策  

Current Condition and Protection Strategies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Security Barrier

作　　者：傅伯杰[1,2] 欧阳志云 施鹏[3] 樊杰[4] 王小丹[5] 郑华[1] 赵文武[2] 吴飞 FU Bojie;OUYANG Zhiyun;SHI Peng;FAN Jie;WANG Xiaodan;ZHENG Hua;ZHAO Wenwu;WU Fei(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Faculty of Geographical Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,昆明650201 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [5]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2021年第11期1298-1306,共9页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK03、2019QZKK04、2019QZKK05)。

摘　　要：青藏高原是我国乃至亚洲的重要生态安全屏障区和全球生物多样性保护的热点地区,保障生态安全是青藏高原生态保护的核心任务。青藏高原物种丰富但受威胁物种多。近15年来青藏高原生态安全屏障生态系统格局稳定,生态系统质量整体趋好,水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙服务均得以提升,生态退化趋势得到遏制,自然保护地建设和生态保护建设工程对提升生态屏障功能发挥了关键作用。然而,受气候暖湿化和人类活动影响,青藏高原生态安全屏障仍然面临退化草地面积大,以及冻土面积萎缩、沼泽湿地减少、部分生物栖息地退化、外来物种入侵、局部生态系统退化等生态风险。为了进一步保护青藏高原生态安全屏障功能,建议优化调整自然保护地空间格局,建立以国家公园群为主体的自然保护地体系和加快实施青藏高原生态安全屏障保护修复工程。Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is important ecological security barrier of China and even Asia,and one of biodiversity conservation hotspots.Ensuring ecological security and protecting biodiversity are key tasks of ecological protection in QinghaiTibet Plateau.In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,wildlife is very rich but there are many threatened species.During past 15 years,ecosystem pattern is stable,and ecosystem quality generally elevates in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Correspondingly,water retention,soil retention,and sandstorm prevention are improved and the trend of ecological degradation is suppressed.The construction of natural reserves and the implementation of ecological protection projects in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contribute to the improvement of ecological security barrier function.However,due to the impacts of warm-wet tendency and human activities,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is facing a series of ecological degradation risks,including frozen soil area withering,marsh reduction,wildlife habitat degradation,alien invasion,and ecosystem degradation.To further protect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s ecological security barrier,the following measures could be taken,namely,optimizing spatial pattern of natural protected area,establishing natural protected area system mainly based on national park group,and implementing ecological protection and restoration projects.

关 键 词：生态系统格局 生态系统功能 生态问题 生态安全屏障 青藏高原 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]