制造“第一良方”——清末华南的腺鼠疫与民间中医的应对  

Making“Best Prescription Ever”——Plague and TCM Community of South China in Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：谭佳英 TAN Jiaying(Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou(510225),China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院,广州510225

出　　处：《浙江中医药大学学报》2021年第10期1080-1084,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

摘　　要：[目的]勾勒清末华南中医学界应对烈性传染病的时代背景、社会网络及其驱动力。[方法]以清末儒医罗汝兰所提出的腺鼠疫验方"解毒活血汤"为切入点,收集整理相关历史典籍,梳理该方出现的历史背景及配伍流变,勾勒该验方在华南地方社会流传的空间路径,并进一步分析其他数位儒医对该方进行重编、改良和推广的细节,从中解析验方的"社会生命"的延续过程。[结果]晚清最后20年间,腺鼠疫在华南地区流行,这是中国民间中医独自应对烈性传染病的最后时代。来自岭南、闽南与江浙的数位儒医在地方善堂善会的支持下,展开了跨距离的智慧接力;继罗汝兰对北方名医王清任的验方"解毒活血汤"进行改良后,黎佩兰、郑肖岩、余伯陶等各地儒医让该方走得更远:一方面,从医理上与具体经验上持续论证其合理性,从编排逻辑上不断更新医书结构,另一方面,依托地方精英社会网络构建起跨地域的传播渠道,使该方的影响力远达江浙。[结论]"解毒活血汤"的成名,是清末华南中医学界持续地改良、论证和宣扬的结果,其内在动力为"济世寿世"的道德观,外在动力为地方精英社会网络的助推,最终树立其作为南方腺鼠疫"第一良方"的地位。[Objective]To outline the historical background,social network and driving forces of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)circles in South China in response to severe infectious diseases in the late Qing Dynasty.[Methods]Starting from the prescription"Jiedu Huoxue Decoction"proposed by LUO Rulan,a Confucian doctor in the late Qing Dynasty,this paper collected and sorted out the relevant historical materials,reframed the historical background and compatibility evolution of the prescription,outlined the spatial path of the prescription spreading in South China,and further analyzed the details of other Confucian doctors’compilation,improvement and promotion of the prescription,so as to find out the process of enduring of this prescription’s social life.[Results]During the last two decades of Qing Dynasty,bubonic plague was prevalent in Southern China area,which was the last time for TCM to fight against severe infectious diseases alone.Several Confucian doctors from Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces,launched a cross distance wisdom relay with the support of local charity associations.After LUO Rulan improved the prescription of Jiedu Huoxue Decoction by WANG Qingren,LI Peilan,ZHENG Xiaoyan,YU Botao and other local Confucian doctors pushed the prescription go further:on the one hand,they continued to demonstrate its rationality from the perspective of medical theory and specific experience as well as improve the compilation of relative essays;on the other hand,together with the local elite social network who built up trans-regional communication channels,they spread this prescription as far as Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.[Conclusion]The popularity of"Jiedu Huoxue Decoction"was the result of continuous improvement,demonstration and promotion by the TCM circles in South China in the late Qing Dynasty.The internal motivation was the moral view of"healing the world and improving human longevity",while external motivation was the boost of the local elite social network,eventually"Jiedu Huoxue Decoctio

关 键 词：传染病 验方 传播 社会网络 鼠疫 中医 医学人类学 

分 类 号：R221[医药卫生—中医基础理论]