从亚里士多德的隐喻论到韩礼德的语法隐喻论  

Categorizing Major Theories of Metaphor:From Aristotle to Halliday

作　　者：杨炳钧[1] YANG Bingjun

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学外国语学院

出　　处：《中国外语》2021年第5期26-34,共9页Foreign Languages in China

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划项目“在线医患交流中的语法隐喻研究”(编号:18PJC082)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：隐喻无处不在,相关研究众多,但尚未有系统而公平的脉络梳理。从亚里士多德的隐喻论算起,迄今影响较大的隐喻理论包括聚焦于词义关系的"替代论""类比论""纠缠论",以及聚焦于概念关系的"情感论""互动论""映射论"。它们分别可统称为词汇隐喻、概念隐喻。马克思主义语言学家韩礼德首创的语法隐喻理论与这些大有不同,关注的是语法关系与话语交际。聚焦于语法关系的是概念语法隐喻,聚焦于话语交际的则是人际语法隐喻,统称语法隐喻。从亚里士多德到韩礼德,隐喻研究从词汇和概念层面跨越到了语法和话语层面,极大地拓展了人类对语言规律的认知与把握。The major theories of metaphor since Aristotle may be categorized as follows:theories that focus on the lexical meaning which include the substitution approach,the comparison approach,and the verbal opposition approach(or the metaphorical twist);theories that focus on the conceptual meaning of words which include the emotion approach,the interaction approach and the domain mapping approach.The former theories may be grouped as lexical metaphor while the latter as conceptual metaphor.The theory of grammatical metaphor(GM)proposed by Halliday focuses on grammatical relations and interpersonal communication:the ideational GM helps reveal grammatical and textual effects between different expressions of the same meaning,and the interpersonal GM helps realize different interpersonal effects expressed by congruent or metaphorical forms of the same meaning.Halliday’s GM theory greatly enhances the development of metaphor theory and much broadens our understanding of human language.

关 键 词：亚里士多德 韩礼德 词汇隐喻 概念隐喻 语法隐喻 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]