文本与技术:清代花谱的生成与传播  

Text and Technology:Generation and Dissemination of Flower Books in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘爽[1] 惠富平[1] LIU Shuang;HUI Fu-ping(Chinese Academy of Agriculture Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2021年第5期23-33,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“明清时期太湖地区农业史研究”(17FZS049)。

摘　　要：清代花谱目前所见应为146部,较之明代花谱在菊花、兰花、月季三种专谱数量上大为增加。《广群芳谱》与《花镜》开拓了花谱创作的两种路径:一是朝廷官方提供的"厚民资生"的宏观价值导向;二是民间士人形成的"大而经济,微而理学"的价值旨趣。花谱文本受到了政治关涉、学术演进、个人兴趣的立体塑造,呈现出旨趣各异的文本形态。花谱技术实际上形成于士人园圃的地方性微观知识,花谱对园艺技术的实录往往滞后于技术的产生;花谱技术受制于悦目怡情、名花情结的审美标准,存在重文轻图的局限,现代学者在"科学想象"的语境下,对花谱文本进行增删改造,从侧面印证了花谱技术的缺憾;花谱置身于士士相因、士农相隔、士商相间的阶层交际网络中,其技术的交流、更新与传播终归无法突破阶层界限,亦难于走向近代转型。There are about 146 flower books in the Qing Dynasty.Compared with the Ming Dynasty,the number of chrysanthemum,orchid and rose book has increased greatly.Guangqunfangpu(《广群芳谱》)and Huajing(《花镜》)created two ways of writing flower book:one is the value orientation provided by the government;the second is the value purport formed by the folk intellectuals.The text of flower book has been shaped by political involvement,academic evolution and personal interest,presenting different text forms of purposed interests.Flower technology is the local micro-knowledge formed in the scholar’s garden.The record of flower book to horticultural technology often lags behind.Due to the aesthetic standards and the complex of famous flowers,the technology has the limitation of emphasizing the text rather than the picture.In the context of"scientific imagination",modern scholars add,delete and transform the text of flower,which proves the shortcomings of the technology of flower books.In the social network between scholars,peasants and businessmen,flower books can not break through the boundaries of the stratum in terms of technical exchange,renewal and dissemination,and it is difficult to move towards the modern transformation.

关 键 词：清代 花谱 文本 技术 传播 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]