基于微卫星和线粒体的四川白水河国家级自然保护区林麝遗传多样性研究  

A Genetic Diversity Study Based on Microsatellite and Mitochondria of Forest Musk Deer in the Baishuihe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan

作　　者：胡大明 侯真真 邓承敏 陈旭 吴杰 陈磊 陈勤 岳碧松[2] 张修月[2] HU Daming;HOU Zhenzhen;DENG Chengmin;CHEN Xu;WU Jie;CHEN Lei;CHEN Qin;YUE Bisong;ZHANG Xiuyue(Sichuan Baishuihe National Nature Reserve, Pengzhou, Sichuan Province 611930, China;Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;Sichuan Musk Deer Research Institute, Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province 610016, China)

机构地区：[1]四川白水河国家级自然保护区,四川彭州611930 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,濒危动物繁殖与保护遗传四川省重点实验室,成都610065 [3]四川省养麝研究所,四川都江堰610016

出　　处：《四川动物》2021年第6期641-648,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：彭州市规划和自然局项目(5101822019000381)。

摘　　要：林麝Moschus berezovskii是国家一级重点保护野生动物。本研究从林麝基因组和已发表的微卫星位点中筛选到7个适合林麝粪便DNA扩增的四碱基微卫星位点,建立了林麝的个体识别体系。在四川白水河国家级自然保护区20条监测样线中共收集到林麝粪便46份,基于微卫星个体识别鉴定到30只个体,使用微卫星和线粒体D-Loop进行多样性评估,结果显示,7个微卫星位点的平均期望杂合度和观察杂合度分别为0.602和0.563,4个位点显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡,且均表现为杂合不足。线粒体D-Loop遗传多样性检测结果显示,保护区林麝单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.7213和0.02344,表明保护区林麝遗传多样性处于中等水平。基于个体识别、样线调查和保护区适宜栖息地计算出保护区样线内林麝的平均密度为4.39头·km^(-2),保护区内约有1090头林麝。本研究为保护区林麝的遗传资源保护提供了重要的基础资料。Forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii)is a classⅠnationally key protected wild animal.In this study,7 pairs of tetranucleotide microsatellites suitable for fecal DNA amplification of forest musk deer were screened from the genome of forest musk deer and previously reported microsatellite loci,and then the individual identification method for forest musk deer was established.In the Baishuihe National Nature Reserve(Sichuan),46 faeces of forest musk deer were collected from 20 transectlines,and 30 individuals were identified using microsatellite-based individual identification.The diversity assessment of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial D-Loop sequences showed that the average expected heterozygosity of 7 microsatellite loci and observed heterozygosity were 0.602 and 0.563,respectively.Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.7213 and 0.02344,respectively,indicating a medium level of genetic diversity for the forest musk deer in the reserve.Based on individual identification,transect survey and the size of suitable habitat,it was calculated that there were about 1090 forest musk deer with an average density of 4.39 individual·km^(-2) in the reserve.This study provides important information for the genetic conservation of forest musk deer.

关 键 词：林麝 粪便DNA 微卫星 线粒体D-LOOP 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q959.842[生物学—动物学] Q953