小说的艺术性——巴赫金诗学思想渊源重议  

The Artistry of the Novel: Rethinking the Origin of Bakhtin’s Poetics

作　　者：凌建侯[1] Ling Jianhou

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2021年第8期82-90,255,共10页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“现代斯拉夫文论经典汉译与大家名说研究”(17ZDA282);国家社会科学基金重点项目“俄语巴赫金学重要文献整理与研究”(19AZD036)。

摘　　要：从19世纪后期到20世纪初期,俄罗斯学术界普遍认识到,作为文学理论的传统诗学已跟不上文学发展的步伐,需要探索科学的新方法来揭示文学作为一门艺术的特殊性,由此涌现出彼此争鸣的诸多诗学流派,它们都延续诗学对象为"诗"的古希腊传统。在高扬史诗而贬抑小说艺术性的语境中,巴赫金以哲学-美学家身份涉足文学研究领域,以长篇小说为突破口,试图革新诗学研究范式,重新描述已被小说占据主导地位的西方文学创作的一般规律。他发现了长篇小说体裁不同于史诗来源的古代民间狂欢节文化渊源,找到了小说研究的对话主义方法论,借此进一步探讨了人文科学的对话哲学基础。巴赫金在研究小说时建构并完善自己的对话和狂欢化理论,主要并非政治上的苏联意识形态使然,而是符合其自身学术发展的内在逻辑,唯其如此,他的诗学思想才会成为20世纪中后期活跃学术思维的重要刺激因素。In the late 19 th century and the early 20 th century, Russian academia generally recognized that the traditional poetics as a literary theory could not keep up with the pace of literary development,and it was necessary to explore new scientific methods to reveal the particularity of literature as an art. As a result, many competing poetic schools emerged, all of which continued the ancient Greek tradition that the object of poetics was “poetry”. In the context of praising the epic and belittling the artistry of the novel, Bakhtin set foot in the field of literary research as a philosophical aesthetician,took the novel as a breakthrough, tried to innovate the poetic research paradigm and re describe the general rules of western literary creation dominated by the novel. He found the cultural origin of the ancient folk carnival in which the genre of the novel is different from that of the epic, and found the dialogism methodology in the study of the novel, so as to further explore the dialogic philosophical basis of the humanities. Bakhtin constructed and improved his theory of dialogue and carnivalization in the study of novels, which is not mainly caused by the political ideology of the Soviet Union, but in line with the internal logic of his own academic development. Only in this way, his poetic thought will become an important stimulating factor for the active academic thinking in the middle and late 20 th century.

关 键 词：巴赫金 诗学 长篇小说研究方法论 艺术性 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]