日本年金制度的设计体系及改革措施研究  

Research on the Design System and Reform Measures of Japanese Annuity System

作　　者：马健[1] 虞昊 邱德荣 MA Jian;YU Hao;QIU Derong(Institute of Regional Development,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China;Institute of International Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China;Institute of Jiangxi Economic Development,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学区域发展研究院,江西南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学国际教育学院,江西南昌330022 [3]江西师范大学江西经济发展研究院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《金融教育研究》2021年第5期56-63,共8页Research of Finance and Education

基　　金：江西省文化艺术科学规划项目(YG2020035)。

摘　　要：日本自1961年全面实施“国民皆年金”制度以来,随着社会经济形势及人口结构的不断变化,年金制度及相关政策也随之调整。昭和时期的经济高速增长为日本年金制度的普及创造了前提条件。然而,经历了泡沫经济的打击,日本陷入了平成萧条,加上少子化、老龄化现象日趋严峻,在此影响下,年金参保人数的减少与领取年金人数的增加对日本公共年金制度提出了新的挑战。为了年金财政能够实现可持续运营,日本不断延长年金领取年龄,同时引入宏观经济指标,积极调整年金制度以应对越来越沉重的社会保障负担。构建完善、精准的社会养老保险机制是提升社会治理能力现代化、应对我国老龄化的新任务,也是维护社会稳定,实现经济可持续发展的重要制度保障。可以借鉴日本经验,在考虑区域差异、城乡差异以及人口结构变动对年金制度及政策影响的基础上,积极探索年金制度改革,建立起适合我国的可持续运营的养老金待遇调整机制。Since the“national pension”system was fully implemented in Japan in 1961,the pension system and related policies have been adjusted along with the continuous changes of social and economic situation and population structure.The rapid economic growth of the Showa period created the preconditions for the popularization of the Japanese annuity system.However,after experiencing the blow of the bubble economy,Japan fell into the Heisei Depression,coupled with the increasingly severe phenomenon of fewer children and aging.Under the influence of this,the decrease of the number of pension participants and the increase of the number of pension recipients pose new challenges to the Japanese public pension system.In order to realize the sustainable operation of pension finance,Japan has continuously extended the pension age,introduced macroeconomic indicators,and actively adjusted the pension system to cope with the increasingly heavy burden of social security.Building a perfect and accurate social endowment insurance mechanism is a new task to modernize social governance capacity and cope with China’s aging population.It is also an important institutional guarantee to maintain social stability and achieve sustainable economic development.We can learn from the experience of Japan,on the basis of considering the influence of regional difference,urban and rural difference and population structure change on annuity system and policy,actively explore the reform of the annuity system,and establish a sustainable pension treatment adjustment mechanism suitable for China.

关 键 词：社会治理 国民皆年金 设计体系 日本 

分 类 号：F840.612[经济管理—保险]