数智化使能运营管理变革:从供应链到供应链生态系统  

Operations Management Innovation Enabled by Digitalization and Intellectualization:From Supply Chain to Supply Chain Ecosystem

作　　者：陈剑[1,2,3] 刘运辉 Chen Jian;Liu Yunhui

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社科重点基地 [2]清华大学现代管理研究中心 [3]清华大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2021年第11期227-240,244,共15页Journal of Management World

基　　金：科技创新2030-“新一代人工智能”重大项目(项目号:2020AAA0103801);清华大学自主科研计划文科专项项目(项目号:2019THZWYY03);清华大学经济管理学院“影响力”研究基金项目(项目号:2020051006)的资助。

摘　　要：数字智能技术同时从供给侧和需求侧推动着供应链产生深刻变革,为满足客户越来越升级的个性化需求,企业从提供产品到提供集成式、具有开放扩展功能的数字—服务—产品包。在网络化、动态化、虚实结合的供应链基础上,基于相互交叉、相互补充的供需关系,形成了成员间相互依赖、关联互动、共生共存的供应链生态系统。围绕数智化使能运营管理变革,本文通过梳理供应链管理的发展和演化历程,将供应链生态系统定义为:围绕数字—服务—产品包,由供应链群落的各类主体关联互动而形成的生态系统;随后,从空间视角的拓扑结构、时间视角的动态结构和系统视角的交互结构3个视角提出分析框架;进而,重点考察适应性、涌现性和进化性这3种主要特性;最后,本文指出:供应链生态系统的未来研究应重点关注参与者行为、产品创造策略、竞争模式等方面。Digital and intelligent technologies lead to profound innovations from both the supply and the demand side. As customers become more demanding, enterprises make innovations by providing Digital-Service-Product Packages(DSPPs) with integrated, open and expansible functions. On the basis of the networked, dynamic, online to offline supply chains, combined with the intersecting and complementary supply and demand relationship, Supply Chain Ecosystems(SCEs) emerged in recent years. In a SCE, members are interdependent, interacting and symbiotic.By summarizing the development and evolution of supply chain management, we define a SCE as an ecosystem that provides DSPP, which is developed by the interaction of various entities from supply chain communities. The digital and intelligent technologies promote the integration and linkages among various members of a SCE so as to provide composite, complementary, open and expansible DSPP to meet customers’ personalized needs, through optimizing information, material and capital flows. A SCE is made up of all kinds of entities directly or indirectly related to DSPP creation, including suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, end customers as well as financial service, logistics service, settlement service and other external service providers. Moreover, digital and intelligent devices supporting the processes of design, production, warehousing, distribution, transaction and other activities, and products with smart components are also members of a SCE.In this paper, we establish an analytical framework from three perspectives: space(topological structure), time(dynamic structure) and systems(interactive structure), respectively. We cover the physical formation of structures, internal interaction processes inside an ecosystem and open interplay among different ecosystems. The basic physical topological structure of a SCE is the network structure, which determines the system configurations of a SCE. In addition, we have to pay close attention to the activities in an ecosystem and th

关 键 词：数智化 供应链 生态系统 群落 进化性 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理]