车轨耦合下钢轨复合吸振器的减振方法  

Vibration Reduction Method of Rail Composite Shock Absorber with Vehicle-Track Coupling

作　　者：邹钰 文永蓬[1] 纪忠辉 孙倩 ZOU Yu;WEN Yongpeng;JI Zhonghui;SUN Qian(School of Urban Railway Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai,201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2021年第5期888-896,1031,共10页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11472176);上海市自然科学基金资助项目(15ZR1419200);牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(TPL2103)。

摘　　要：以降低500~2 000 Hz频率范围内的钢轨垂向振动为目的,建立了包含钢轨复合吸振器的车辆-轨道垂向耦合振动模型。对比了耦合模型与轨道模型中各典型位置处的钢轨振动响应,说明了耦合模型的重要性;根据峰值频率处振动响应与频段内均方根值两个评价指标,指出了单自由度吸振器的局限性,提出了复合吸振器参数设计的一般步骤;利用振动衰减率对设计路段进行评价,验证了该设计方法的有效性。研究结果表明:考虑车辆影响,钢轨垂向振动能量峰值会产生偏移,且车速的提高会加剧振动响应;相同总质量下,单自由度吸振器对某一特定频率减振良好,而在较宽频带内,复合吸振器能达到更好的减振效果;对复合吸振器的参数设计,通过确定主要影响参数,利用遗传算法进行数值寻优,得到吸振器的最佳设计频率。本工作为钢轨复合吸振器的研究提供了重要的参考依据。To reduce the vertical vibration of the rail in the frequency range of 500~2 000 Hz,a vehicle-track vertical coupled vibration model including a rail composite vibration absorber is established. The vibration responses of the rail at each typical position in the coupled model and the orbit model are compared to illustrate the importance of the coupled model. According to the two evaluation indexes of the vibration response at the peak frequency and the root mean square value in the frequency band,the limitations of the single-degree-of-freedom vibration absorber are pointed out,and the general steps of the parameter design of the composite vibration absorber are proposed. The design section is evaluated by the vibration attenuation rate,which verifies the effectiveness of the design method. The results show that considering the influence of the vehicle,the peak value of the vertical vibration energy of the rail can shift,and the increase of the vehicle speed can aggravate the vibration response. Under the same total mass,the single-degree-of-freedom vibration absorber has good vibration damping for a certain frequency,and in a wider frequency band,the composite vibration absorber can achieve better vibration damping effect. For the parameter design of the composite vibration absorber,the optimal design frequency of the vibration absorber is obtained by determining the main influence parameters and using the genetic algorithm to perform numerical optimization. The work of the thesis provides an important reference for the research of rail composite vibration absorbers.

关 键 词：车辆-轨道耦合 钢轨垂向振动 复合吸振器 遗传算法 振动衰减率 

分 类 号：U211.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]