多边主义再思考与世界秩序重构  

Reconsideration of Multilateralism and the Reconstruction of World Order

作　　者：李晓燕[1] LI Xiao-yan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院,北京102249

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2021年第6期79-92,126,共15页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BGJ067)。

摘　　要：冷战后兴起的多边主义研究在经历了一个研究活跃期后就形成了制度主义和原则导向的二元分野,其中制度主义理论的繁荣迅速掩盖了其他分支的声音,并使多边主义研究本身都趋于沉寂。多边主义并非新事物,20世纪以来始终是与世界政治经济危机和秩序重建相伴相生的,危机破坏了旧的共识和世界秩序,秩序重建要基于新的共识,而多边主义的本质就是协商一致、达成共识。共识可能表现为具体的制度,也可能仅仅是模糊的原则。特朗普执政的四年间,美国背弃多边主义维持合作的前提,严重破坏了二战后国际关系和世界秩序的共识。经历了新冠肺炎疫情加剧的世界政治分裂危机后,国际社会寻求合作正在缓慢复苏。从拜登政府的相关主张来看,"伙伴关系"和气候议题是新特征,但是追求协商一致和达成共识的本质未变,因此多边主义仍将是重建世界秩序的基础。After a period of active research,the study of multilateralism,which emerged after the Cold War,formed a binary division between institutionalism and principle-oriented research.The prosperity of institutionalism theory quickly covered up the voice of other branches,and made the study of multilateralism itself tend to be silent.Multilateralism is not a new thing.Since the 20 th century,it has always been accompanied by the world political and economic crisis and the reconstruction of world order.The crisis means destruction of old consensus,and then the reconstruction of order should be based on the new consensus.The essence of multilateralism is exactly consensus that might be expressed as a specific system or just a vague principle.During Trump’s four years in power,the United States abandoned the premise of multilateralism to maintain cooperation,which seriously damaged the consensus of international relations and world order after World War II.After the COVID-19 and political crisis of world division,the consensus of the international community for cooperation has been restarted and clearer.According to Biden’s 100-day administration,partnership and climate issues are new features,but the essence of pursuing consensus remains unchanged.Therefore,multilateralism will still be the foundation of rebuilding the world order.

关 键 词：多边主义 世界秩序 美国霸权 制度主义 伙伴关系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]