近现代法国学界对高卢祖先说的构建  

The Construction of Gallic Ancestry Theory in Modern French Academic Circle

作　　者：曾晓阳[1] ZENG Xiaoyang(School of Foreign Languages,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学外国语学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《安徽史学》2021年第6期83-92,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“近代法国‘共和民族’认同思想构建与教育实践研究(1789—1914)”(16BSS042)的成果。

摘　　要：从一开始,法兰西民族的高卢祖先说便是一种历史想象和一种有意识的构建。18世纪早期,贵族坚持法兰克征服者说,严重动摇了中世纪以来流行的高卢人与法兰克人的同宗说,也为近代法国埋下了种族斗争的导火线。大革命以及后大革命时期,高卢祖先被高度政治化,成为时人与旧制度进行彻底切割的一个有力工具。法兰西民族和日耳曼民族在19世纪的冲突与战争,更令法国学界备感构建高卢祖先说的必要性和迫切性。学界逐渐抛弃种族决定论,而以社会政治因素作为构建高卢祖先说的主要因素。高卢祖先说可谓是应近现代法国民族政治共同体建设的需要而构建的,高卢祖先最终“战胜”抑或“吸纳”法兰克祖先,成为法兰西民族唯一的集体祖先的过程,正是法兰西民族的政治民族属性不断强化的过程。From the beginning,the Gallic Ancestry Theory of French nation is a historical imagination and a highly conscious construction.In the early 18th century,the nobles insisted on the Franks conquerors theory,which severely shook the Theory of Gauls and Franks bearing the same clan that had prevailed since the Middle Ages,and also sowed the seeds of struggles between these two races in modern France.During the French Revolution and the post-revolutionary period,the Gallic ancestry was highly politicized and became a powerful tool for people to completely break away from the Ancient regime.The conflicts and wars between the French nation and the Germanic nation in the 19th century made the French academic circle feel the necessity and urgency of building the Gallic Ancestry Theory.The academic circle gradually abandoned racial determinism,and used social and political factors as the main factors in the construction of Gallic Ancestry Theory.We could say that the Gallic Ancestry Theory was constructed in response to the needs of the construction of modern French national political community.The process by which the Gallic ancestry finally“conquered”or“absorbed”the Frank ancestry and became the only common ancestry of French nation was precisely the process of strengthening the political attributes of French nation.

关 键 词：高卢祖先说 法兰克征服者说 政治民族 法兰西民族政治共同体 

分 类 号：K565.8[历史地理—历史学]