近代英国公司制度的起源  

Origins of the Company System in Modern England

作　　者：张乃和[1] ZHANG Nai-he

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院,天津300387

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2021年第6期189-195,235,236,共9页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(17ASS004)。

摘　　要：公司制度兴起于近代英国并对世界上许多国家和地区产生了深远影响。因此,探讨近代英国公司制度起源问题具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。目前,中国学者对这一问题的关注还不够,而国外学者的研究启动早、成果多,并形成了"进化派"与"继受派"等不同观点。只有坚持唯物史观,近代英国公司制度的起源问题才能够得到科学理解和正确把握。近代英国公司制度在形式上是法律制度,公司是法人;在本质内容上则是经济制度,公司就是财产。这是两种研究视角,也是两条实际的历史线索,它们在近代以前是分头并进的。到了16世纪,公司法人与公司财产开始合二为一,近代英国公司制度由此起源。The company system which originated in modern England had far-reaching influence upon other countries’company system around the world.Therefore,academically and practically it’s very important for us to study the origins of the company system in modern England.Chinese scholars,however,paid little attention to the topic,while the Western scholars started earlier and achieved quite a lot,and developed two theories:the evolutionists and the receptionists.Only under the guidance of the historical materialism can we precisely understand and resolve the origin issue.In form,the modern English company system falls clearly within the ambit of legal system,and a company is an aggregate corporation.In essence,the company system is just a part of economic system,and a company is a kind of corporate property.We can study the issue of company origins from these two perspectives,and in reality the formal and essential aspects were two separate historical lines before the sixteenth century when they were combined into one from which the modern English company system originated.

关 键 词：近代英国 公司制度 社团法人 合股 特许状 

分 类 号：F279.561[经济管理—企业管理]