新型冠状病毒感染流行期间一线护士的心理危机调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of psychological crisis in frontline nurses during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

作　　者：李希西 王海燕[1] 伍苑晨 马燕飞[2] LI Xixi;WANG Haiyan;WU Yuanchen;MA Yanfei(Department of Nursing,Mianyang Central Hospital,Sichuan 621000,China;Department of Orthopedics,Mianyang Central Hospital,Sichuan 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]绵阳市中心医院护理部,四川绵阳621000 [2]绵阳市中心医院骨科,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2021年第22期3802-3806,共5页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

基　　金：四川省科技厅科技计划项目(2020JDR0362);川北医学院2020年度四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心资助项目(2020XGZX019);四川省绵阳未成年人心理成长指导与研究中心课题(SCWCN2020YB14)。

摘　　要：目的探讨新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染流行期间护士情绪特征、工作心理压力和社会支持度等应激反应情况,为突发公共卫生事件下的群体性心理干预提供基础数据和科学支撑。方法2020年5-6月采取便利抽样法选取四川省3所三甲医院一线科室在职护士248名作为调查对象,以问卷星网络调查问卷方式对其SARS-CoV-2感染风险感知和应对方式、负性情绪、工作的心理负荷、领悟社会支持度等进行调查,并对护士的心理负性情绪与护士工作心理负荷、社会支持度进行相关分析。结果248名一线科室护士负性情绪程度、阳性率均明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);以恐惧情绪最常见[91.1%(226/248)]。与SARS-CoV-2感染者密切接触岗位护士心理负荷总水平、体力要求、自我表现、受挫感均明显高于其他岗位护士,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);一线科室护士得到的社会支持主要来源于家庭。社会支持度与负性情绪中的抑郁、焦虑/强迫、疑病情绪均呈负相关(r=-0.206、-0.185、-0.234,P<0.05);护士工作心理负荷与负性情绪中的抑郁、神经衰弱、焦虑/强迫情绪均呈正相关(r=0.251、0.242、0.231,P<0.05)。结论一线科室护士在SARS-CoV-2感染流行期间出现了不同程度的心理危机和工作压力,应加强对密切接触岗位护士的心理疏导,为护士争取家庭、社会的情感支持尤为重要。Objective To investigate the emotional characteristics,work psychological stress and social support of the nurses during the epidemic period of novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)infection,so as to provide basic data and scientific support for the population-based psychological intervention in public health emergencies.Methods From May to June 2020,a total of 248 nurses were selected from the first-line departments of three tertiary and first-class hospitals in Sichuan Province as subjects by using convenient sampling method.The network questionnaire was used to investigate the risk perception and coping style of SARS-CoV-2 infection,negative emotion,psychological load of work,perceived social support and so on.The correlation between nurses′psychological negative emotion and nurses′workload/social support were also analyzed.Results The negative emotion degree and positive rate of the 248 nurses in front-line department significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Fear was the most common negative emotion[91.1%(226/248)].The total level of psychological load,physical requirements,self-expression and frustration of the nurses in close contact with SARS-CoV-2 infection were significantly higher than those of the nurses in other positions,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The social support received by the nurses in front-line departments mainly came from their families.Social support was negatively correlated with depression,anxiety/obsessive-compulsive and hypochondriac emotions in negative emotions(r=-0.206,-0.185,-0.234,P<0.05).Nurses′work psychological load was positively correlated with depression,neurasthenia and anxiety/obsessive-compulsive emotion in negative emotion(r=0.251,0.242,0.231,P<0.05).Conclusion The nurses in front-line departments experienced different levels of psychological crisis and work pressure during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.The psychological guidance of nurses in close contact should be strengthened.So it is particularly important

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 感染 护士 心理健康 社会支持 

分 类 号：R473.1[医药卫生—护理学] R192.6[医药卫生—临床医学]