难民伦理的理由:道德义务、人道关怀与体系责任  

The Reason for the Ethics of Refugees:Moral Obligation,Humanitarian Care and Systematic Responsibility

作　　者：张永义[1,2] Zhang Yongyi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院应用伦理研究中心,北京100732

出　　处：《中州学刊》2021年第11期90-96,共7页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：中国社会科学院哲学研究所创新工程项目“多元文化时代的伦理共识研究”(2021ZXSCXB05)。

摘　　要：难民伦理的理由是难民伦理的核心问题之一,深度关涉难民救助责任的哲理与法理根基,主要包含道德义务论、人道关怀论和体系责任论。道德义务论基于义务论和正义论,以边界怀疑论和公民特权论为理据,诉求道德平等,主张难民救助责任是高价值位阶的道德义务;人道关怀论基于互助论、结果论、慈善论和现实论,强调社群自主和国家利益,主张基本且必要的人道关怀;体系责任论基于平台论、失灵论和国际伦理框架,以体系责任解释难民伦理的理由,主张权责利三位一体之下主权国家的体系责任。道德义务论的道德平等诉求与特定契约关系之间存在结构性冲突;人道关怀论的弱道德和软责任主张难以化解严峻的难民危机;体系责任论包含对全球契约共同体的默认,对难民伦理的理由做出了更具坚实基础的回应。The reason for the ethics of refugees is one of the core issues of the ethics of refugees,which deeply involves the philosophical and legal foundation of the refugee relief responsibility,mainly including moral obligation theory,humanitarian care theory and systematic responsibility theory.Moral obligation theory is based on deontology and the theory of justice,with the theory of boundary skepticism and the theory of citizen privilege as the theoretical principle,appeals for moral equality,and advocates that the refugee relief responsibility is a high-value moral obligation;humanitarian care theory is based on mutualism,consequentialism,philanthropy and realism,emphasizes community autonomy and national interests,and advocates basic and necessary humanitarian care;based on platform theory,malfunction doctrine,and international ethical framework,systematic responsibility theory uses systematic responsibility to explain the reason for the ethics of refugees and advocates the systematic responsibility of sovereign states under the trinity of power,responsibility and benefit.There is a structural conflict between the moral equality appeals of the moral obligation theory and the specific contractual relationship;there is difficulty for the weak morality and soft responsibility of humanitarian care theory in resolving the severe refugee crisis;the systematic responsibility theory includes the acquiescence of the global compact community and responds to the reason for the ethics of refugees with a more solid foundation.

关 键 词：难民伦理 道德义务 人道关怀 体系责任 国际伦理 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]