康有为“壁中书出自刘歆伪造”说论辩述评  

A Commentary of the Debate on Kang Youwei′s Thesis that Bizhongshu Was Pseudographed by Liu Xin

作　　者：姜广辉[1] 肖永贵 Jiang Guanghui;Xiao Yonggui

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,长沙410082

出　　处：《中州学刊》2021年第11期104-110,共7页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘新学伪经’说的渊源、形成与回应研究”(11BZX045)。

摘　　要：“壁中书”指西汉伏生屋壁所出古文《尚书》,以及鲁恭王坏孔子宅所得古文经典等,是汉代今、古文经学之争的主阵地,是破解汉代经今、古文之争这一学术公案的关键。清末,康有为以今文经学为思想武器倡导变法,著《新学伪经考》,认为“壁中书”都是刘歆伪造,并从古文《尚书》、古文经典和古文字材料三方面全力证伪,形成了系统的论证逻辑和原则,激起晚清、民国关于经今、古文之争的再认识、再争鸣。既有崔适、钱玄同、顾颉刚等“疑古派”学者推崇与阐扬,也有洪良品、朱一新、符定一、钱穆等驳正者全力批驳,从而瓦解康氏论说。但诸家也有说理不透之处,故本文通过述评的方式,亦述亦评,加以补苴之,期以呈现历史之真相。Bizhongshu consists of Shang Shu(The Book of Documents),an ancient Chinese text collected in Fu Sheng′s house walls in the Western Han Dynasty,and the classics found in the walls of Confucius′s house.It was the main position of the dispute between the modern and ancient Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty,and the key to solving the academic public case of the dispute between the modern and ancient Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty.In the end of the Qing Dynasty,Kang Youwei advocated the reform with the study of modern Confucian classics as an ideological weapon.He wrote The Textual Research on Pseudo-Classics,which believed that the"Bizhongshu"was pseudographed by Liu Xin.Kang tried his best to prove the falsification from three aspects:Ancient Shang Shu,ancient Confucian classics and ancient writing materials,forming a systematic argumentation logic and principles,which aroused the re-understanding and re-contention of the dispute between the modern and ancient Confucian classics in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Cui Shi,Qian Xuantong,Gu Jiegang and other ancient skeptics praised and expounded Kang′s attitude and there were refuters such as Hong liangpin,Zhu Yixin,Fu Dingyi and Qian Mu who made every effort to refute Kang′s theory.However,there were some incomprehensible points in various arguments.Therefore,this article,through the way of evaluation,narrates and comments simultaneously to complete and perfect their arguments,so as to present the historical truth.

关 键 词：康有为 《新学伪经考》 壁中书 刘歆伪经 经今、古文之争 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学]