乙烯、脱落酸以及乙醇对采后薄皮甜瓜果实软化及调节酶活性的影响  

Effects of ETH,ABA and EtOH on Softening and Regulatory Enzyme Activities in Postharvest Oriental Melon

作　　者：李响[1] 熊亚男 靳亚忠[1] 何淑平[1] 盛云燕[1] 刘芳[1] LI Xiang;XIONG Yanan;JIN Yazhong;HE Shuping;SHENG Yunyan;LIU Fang(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学园艺园林学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第21期100-108,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：校级重点培育课题资助项目(XA2016-01);现代农业产业技术体系国家西甜瓜产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-25);博士科研启动基金资助项目(XDB2015-01)。

摘　　要：以薄皮甜瓜果实为试材,用外源乙烯、脱落酸以及乙醇对采后薄皮甜瓜果实进行处理后于常温(23±1)℃条件下贮藏,研究贮藏期间各组薄皮甜瓜果实硬度及相关酶活性变化情况,以期为薄皮甜瓜采后果实品质的维持及保鲜技术的完善与应用提供参考依据。结果表明:贮藏期间,薄皮甜瓜果实硬度呈降低趋势;脱落酸(ABA)处理的果实硬度与果实中聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶酯酶(PME)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)、β-D-葡聚糖酶(EGase)、淀粉酶活性升高相关,且ABA主要促进了贮藏前期果实中EGase以及淀粉酶活性,加速了原果胶、淀粉的分解,促进了贮藏前期果实的软化;而乙烯(ETH)处理果实硬度的降低与果实中PG、β-Gal活性明显呈负相关,且ABA和ETH处理均能通过提高果实贮藏前期LOX活性和电导率影响了果实硬度,可能存在羟自由基氧化作用对果实硬度的影响。在贮藏后期,ABA和ETH处理对果实软化的作用相似。乙醇(EtOH)则通过抑制PG、PME、β-Gal、EGase、淀粉酶以及LOX活性,延缓了果实可溶性果胶和可溶性糖以及电导率的升高,维持了薄皮甜瓜果实硬度。综上可知,ABA和ETH调控薄皮甜瓜果实软化的酶调系统存在差异,而EtOH能通过降低果胶及淀粉代谢酶活性抑制羟自由基的作用,进而减缓了果实软化进程,维持了果实硬度。The oriental melon fruits were used as experimental materials,and stored at room temperature(23±1)℃after treated with ethylene(ETH),abscisic acid(ABA)and ethanol(EtOH),the changes of the firmness and the enzyme activity of oriental melon fruits during storage were studied,in order to provide theoretical basis for maintaining the quality of oriental melon fruits,perfect and apply the technique of fresh-keeping technology.The results showed that the fruit firmness of oriental melon showed decreasing trend during storage.Treatments with ABA significantly affected the fruit firmness,which seemed to be related to the activities of PG,PME,β-gal,EGase and amylase.It mainly promoted the activities of EGase and amylase in fruits during the early storage period,accelerated the decomposition of pectin and starch,and promoted the softening of the fruits during the early storage period.However,treatment with ETH decreased the fruit firmness,which were negatively related with the activities of PG and β-Gal in fruits,ABA and ETH treatments could affect fruit firmness by increasing LOX activity and electrical conductivity in the early stage of fruit storage,and there might be an effect of hydroxyl radical oxidation on fruit firmness.In the late storage period,ABA and ETH treatments had similar effects on fruit softening.Treatment with EtOH delayed the increasing of soluble pectin,soluble sugar and electrical conductivity of the fruits,and maintains the firmness of the oriental melon fruit by inhibits the activities of PG,PME,β-Gal,EGase,amylase and LOX.In conclusion,there were differences in the enzyme regulation systems of ABA and ETH regulating the softening of melon fruit,whereas EtOH could inhibit the effect of hydroxyl free radicals by reducing the activity of pectin and starch metabolism enzymes,thereby slowed the fruits softening process and maintaining the fruit firmness.

关 键 词：薄皮甜瓜 果实软化 乙烯 乙醇 脱落酸 酶活性 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]