犯罪嫌疑人拒供态度改变的结构化引导方法研究  

Research on Structured Guidance Methods for Changing the Suspect’s Refusal to Confession

作　　者：赵桂芬[1] ZHAO Guifen

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学侦查学院,北京100038

出　　处：《公安学研究》2021年第5期32-52,122,123,共23页Journal of Public Security Science

摘　　要：犯罪嫌疑人拒供态度是犯罪嫌疑人不接受犯罪行为的刑事责任,以及由此产生的情绪情感反应等而形成的对供述行为的综合性评价和拒绝供述的行为倾向。通过讯问转变犯罪嫌疑人的拒供态度是侦查人员在讯问中希望实现的目标。犯罪嫌疑人拒绝供述的态度具有普遍性和稳定性。拒供态度在结构上有三个主要成分:一是认知成分,主要体现为对刑罚惩罚后果和证据情况的认知;二是情绪情感成分,以对刑罚后果的恐惧担忧等情绪和对家人的关心等情感为主;三是不愿意供述的行为倾向。对社会心理学提出的态度改变模型进行分析和修正,提出了可适用于侦查讯问环境中的拒供态度改变的结构化引导方法。在引导犯罪嫌疑人拒供态度改变的过程中,首先要进行以建立沟通关系为主的心理接触,在确立侦查人员的权威性之后施加有效的认知与情绪情感影响,促使犯罪嫌疑人权衡利弊和进行是否供述的动机斗争。基于犯罪嫌疑人的个体差异和讯问方法的有效性等的影响,拒供态度的改变有程度差异。侦查人员要提高讯问的效果,需要充分了解犯罪嫌疑人,确定合理的讯问目标,在证据情况和说服材料方面进行充分准备。The suspect’s refusal to confession can be perceived as a comprehensive evaluation of confession based on his or her cognition of criminal responsibility caused by offence as well as related emotional reactions. There are three factors for the suspect’s refusal to confession: cognition of penalties and evidenceexposure,emotions( for example,the fear of penalties and concerns about his families),and propensity to refusing confess. Through an analysis and modification of the attitude change model proposed by social psychologists,thispaper proposes a structured guidance method in the context of police interrogation. Communication-led psychological contact should be established between police and the suspect before interrogation. Then,cognitive and emotional strategies should be effectively used to let the suspect weigh up the benefits and risks of confession and ponder over whether or not he need confess. In light of individual differences of suspects and the effectiveness of interrogation methods,interrogators should have a full picture of the suspect,set reasonable goals of interrogation,and make preparation for evidence and persuasive tactics to make him confess.

关 键 词：犯罪嫌疑人 供述态度 拒供 侦查讯问 态度改变 

分 类 号：D918.5[政治法律—法学]