有机耕作对冬小麦品质及根际微生物群落结构和多样性的影响  

The effects of organic cultivation on winter wheat quality and microbial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere

作　　者：田硕 胡栋[1] 马佳[1] 彭杰丽 王旭[1] 魏晓艳 王占武[1] TIAN Shuo;HU Dong;MA Jia;PENG Jieli;WANG Xu;WEI Xiaoyan;WANG Zhanwu(Institute of Agro-resources and Environment/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;College of Life Science,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所/河北省肥料技术创新中心,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北师范大学生命科学学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2021年第6期1-8,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(19222902D);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2020301047);河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新工程计划项目(1-04-01,2-05-04).

摘　　要：为探究有机耕作方式下小麦品质及根际微生物群落特征,以河北省邢台市宁晋县凤归巢公司有机农场为试验基地,以常规耕作为对照,检测了小麦产量和品质,采用高通量测序技术,分析了有机耕作5年冬小麦在返青、抽穗和成熟期小麦根际微生物群落结构和丰富度。结果表明:(1)有机耕作5年小麦的产量、籽粒粗蛋白、湿面筋含量有所降低,但面粉筋性增强,最大拉伸阻力提高了12.1%;小麦籽粒Se、Mg和Zn含量分别提高了8.30%、2.06%和11.79%,重金属Pb、Cr和As的含量分别下降26.08%、45.10%和2.8%,差异性显著;(2)有机耕作小麦根际微生物群落多样性和丰富度显著提高,细菌和真菌的ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数提高,Simpson指数下降;(3)鞘酯单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)、黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae)、诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)、亚硝化单胞菌科(Nitrosomonadaceae)和芽单胞菌科(Gemmatimonadaceae)为试验样地小麦根际优势细菌科,抽穗期根际微生物种群数和丰度最高;有机耕作下亚硝化单胞菌科(Nitrosomonadaceae)和芽单胞菌科(Gemmatimonadaceae)比常规耕作提高了24.98%和75.18%,而黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae)、鞘脂单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)和诺卡氏菌科(Nocardioidaceae)下降了67.95%、33.76%和25.22%;在真菌属水平上,与纤维素降解相关的Subulicystidium、锥毛壳属(Coniochaeta)、裂壳属(Schizothecium)和尾柄孢壳属(Cercophora)的丰度较常规耕作高50倍以上,几乎是有机耕作的特有真菌,而链格孢菌属(Alternaria)、球腔菌属(Mycosphaerella)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)和帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)等植物病原菌比常规耕作分别减少了61.53%、50.82%、50.39%和44.06%。有机耕作下小麦品质得到改善,根际微生物群落多样性和丰富度提高,群落特征更宜于植物健康生长。In order to investigate the effects of organic farming system on winter wheat quality and microbial communities in rhizosphere,the microbial community structure and abundance in rhizosphere of winter wheat farmed organically for five consecutive years,were detected at rejuvenation,heading and maturity stages by high-throughput sequencing technology.The field experiments was taking at the organic farm of Fengguichao Co.Ltd.in Ningjin County,Hebei Province.Conventional farming was used as a contrast,the yield and quality of wheat were tested.The results showed that(1)The yield,grain crude protein,and wet gluten content of organic farming wheat were decreased,but the gluten of flour was increased,and the maximum tensile resistance was increased by 12.1%;the content of Se,Mg,and Zn in wheat grains were increased by 8.30%,2.06%and 11.79%,respectively;the content of heavy metals Pb,Cr and As decreased by 26.08%,45.10%and 2.8%,separately(P<0.05);(2)The diversity and richness of rhizosphere microbial community were increased significantly under organic farming.The ACE index,Chao1 index and Shannon index of bacteria and fungi were increased,while the Simpson index was decreased;(3)Sphingomonadaceae,Xanthomonadaceae,Nocardioidaceae,Nitrosomonadaceae and Gemmatimonadaceae as the dominant bacteria families in wheat rhizosphere at the experiment farm.The number and abundance of rhizosphere microbial species were highest at heading stage.Nitrosomonadaceae and Gemmatimonadaceae under organic cultivation were increased by 24.98%and 75.18%than conventional farming,respectively,while Xanthomonadaceae,Sphingomonadaceae and Nocardioidaceae had been decreased by 67.95%,33.76%and 25.22%,respectively;In fungal genus level,the abundance of Subulicystidium,Coniochaeta,Schizothecium and Cercophora which related to cellulose degradation in organic farming were increased up to 50 times than that in conventional farming,almost likely unique to fungi of organic farming.However,the plant pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria,Mycosphaerella,Clado

关 键 词：冬小麦 有机耕作 根际 微生物多样性 品质 

分 类 号：S154.38[农业科学—土壤学]