^(60)Co-γ射线辐照种子对牛至形态与挥发性成分的影响  

Effects of^(60)Co-γ Ray Radiation on Morphology and Volatile Components of Origanum vulgare

作　　者：闫一皓 王頔[1] 李静一[1] 张文颖 郝渊鹏 夏菲[1] 李慧[1] 白红彤[1] 石雷[1] Yihao Yan;Di Wang;Jingyi Li;Wenying Zhang;Yuanpeng Hao;Fei XiaHui Li;Hongtong Bai;Lei Shi(Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北方资源植物重点实验室/北京植物园,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《植物学报》2021年第5期533-543,共11页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(No.XDA26040306);国家科技资源共享服务平台“国家重要野生植物种质资源库”(No.ZWGX2004)。

摘　　要：牛至精油中的主要成分香芹酚和百里香酚具有较强的抑菌活性和替代抗生素的良好潜力。为了筛选有价值的遗传变异,构建了牛至(Origanumvulgare)的60^(60)Co-γ射线育种体系,利用固相微萃取联合气相色谱-质谱方法进行挥发性成分测定,并通过主成分分析和层次聚类等多元分析法,深入探讨60^(60)Co-γ射线对牛至M1代形态特征、腺毛密度和腺毛大小以及挥发性成分的影响。结果表明,牛至种子的半致死剂量为16.39 Gy;辐照M1代植株的株高、茎粗、分枝数、叶长和叶宽均发生变化,筛选到多株形态突变体;同时,腺毛密度和腺毛大小发生多种变化,从163株存活株中筛选出25株腺毛密度与大小均显著增大的单株;60^(60)Co-γ射线处理对牛至挥发性成分的种类影响相对较小,主要影响挥发性成分的含量,并可诱导5种化学型,即香芹酚型、百里香酚型、γ-萜品烯型、β-石竹烯型和大根香叶烯型;最终筛选获得6株香芹酚和百里香酚含量升高的突变单株。研究证实了60^(60)Co-γ射线辐照可作为牛至育种的一种有效诱变手段,适宜辐照剂量为20 Gy。研究为牛至优良种质资源的选育提供了基础数据和新途径。Carvacrol and thymol, the main components of essential oil in oregano(Origanum vulgare), have strong antibacterial activity, and have big potential to replace antibiotics. In order to acquire valuable genetic variation in oregano,^(60)Co-γ ray radiation was utilized in breeding of oregano. The volatile components were analyzed by SPME-GC-MS, also principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering composition were performed. The effects of^(60)Co-γ ray radiation on morphological characteristics were studied, including glandular hair density, glandular hair size and volatile components of M1 generation of oregano. The results showed that the LD50 of oregano seeds was 16.39 Gy;The plant height,stem diameter, branching number, leaf length and width of irradiated M1 generation were all changed, and several morphological mutants were selected;At the same time, the density and size of glandular hair changed in a variety of ways,and 25 mutants with significantly increase in density and size of glandular hair were selected from 163 surviving plants;^(60)Co-γ ray treatment had little effect on volatile components, but significant effect on the content of volatile components,and 5 chemotypes in oregano were induced, including carvacrol-type, thymol-type, γ-terpinene-type, β-caryophyllenetype, and germacrene-type. Six mutants with high carvacrol and thymol were obtained. These results confirmed that^(60)Co-γ ray radiation could be useful as an effective mutagenic method for oregano breeding, and the suitable radiation dose was 20 Gy. This study provided basic data and new way for the breeding and selection of new germplasm resources in oregano.

关 键 词：牛至 辐照育种 Γ射线 香芹酚 百里香酚 挥发性成分 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]