海洋无脊椎动物重金属富集研究进展  

Research Progress of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Marine Inverte-brates

作　　者：张柏豪 方舟[1,2,3,4,5] 陈新军 王丛丛[1,2,3,4,5] Zhang Baihao;Fang Zhou;Chen Xinjun;Wang Congcong(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2021年第4期107-118,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(NSFC41876141);上海市科技创新行动计划(19DZ1207502);农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放课题(LOF 2018-02)。

摘　　要：污染物通过多途径进入海洋,以多种方式在海水和海洋沉积物中积累,成为海洋生物尤其是底栖生物体内污染物的主要来源。海洋无脊椎动物作为海洋食物链中的低营养级生物,多数种类均为底栖生活,具有较强的污染物富集能力。通过食物链的生物放大作用,其体内富集的污染物会传递到高营养级生物和人类体内,最终对海洋生物和人类产生危害,甚至引发公害事件。重金属(heavy metal)作为主要的污染物之一,具有毒性大、持续性长、耐还原性和耐降解性的特点,长久以来得到广泛的关注和研究。本文以海洋无脊椎动物为代表,从机体暴露途径、机体组织分布情况及过程、污染物在组织间的转移规律和变化因素4个方面入手,全面归纳和总结了重金属污染物在海洋生物体内富集的相关研究进展,并对目前的研究热点、存在的问题进行分析总结,对今后的研究方向进行展望,以期为国内外学者进一步开展海洋无脊椎动物重金属富集相关的研究提供有效参考。Pollutants enter the ocean through multiple ways and accumulate in seawater and marine sediments in various ways,and become the main source of pollutants in marine organisms,especially benthos.Marine invertebrates,as low trophic organisms in the marine food chain,are mostly benthos and have strong pollutant enrichment capacity.Due to the biological amplification of the food chain,the pollutants accumulated in the body will eventually be transferred to high trophic organisms and human beings,causing harm to marine organisms and human beings,and even causing pollution incidents.Heavy metal,as a kind of pollutant with high toxicity,long duration,reduction resistance and degradation resistance,has been widely concerned and studied for a long time.Due to the differences of living environment,physiological conditions and feeding habits among marine invertebrates,as well as the chemical properties of different heavy metals,the enrichment degree of heavy metal pollutants in different marine invertebrates are different,which is mainly reflected in the pollutant distribution in tissues,the pollutant transfer characteristics and variability in tissues.In this paper,using marine invertebrates as a representative,the body exposure pathway,heavy metal distribution and process in body tissue,pollutant transfer law between tissues,and the influencing factors are comprehensively summarized.This paper summarizes the current research hotspots,existing problems,and future research.The research direction is prospected in order to provide an effective reference for domestic and foreign scholars to carry out further research on heavy metal enrichment in marine invertebrates.

关 键 词：重金属 头足类 贝类 甲壳类 生物富集 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]