75%戊唑·嘧菌酯可溶性粉剂对3种昆虫的急性毒性与初级风险评估  

Acute Toxicity and Primary Risk Assessment of 75%Tebuconazole·Azox-ystrobin SP to Three Insect Species

作　　者：李岗[1,2,3,4] 徐吉洋 郭海坤 吕露 柳新菊[1,2,3,4] Li Gang;Xu Jiyang;Guo Haikun;Lv Lu;Liu Xinju(Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection,Hangzhou 310021,China;Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Pesticide Residue Detection and Control,Hangzhou 310021,China;State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量与营养研究所,杭州310021 [2]农业农村部农药检测重点实验室,杭州310021 [3]浙江省农药残留检测与控制研究重点实验室,杭州310021 [4]农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室(筹),杭州310021

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2021年第4期323-333,共11页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN18B070003)。

摘　　要：为明确75%戊唑·嘧菌酯可溶性粉剂对意大利蜜蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和家蚕的急性毒性和初级风险。采用国标《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》(GB/T 31270—2014)中的4种方法,包括饲喂法(蜜蜂经口)、点滴法(蜜蜂接触)、药膜法(赤眼蜂)和浸叶法(家蚕),分别测定了该农药对上述3种非靶标昆虫的急性毒性,并根据国标《农药登记环境风险评估指南》(NY/T 2882—2016)把这些结果用于该药的初级风险评估。结果表明,75%戊唑·嘧菌酯可溶性粉剂对意大利蜜蜂的急性接触毒性48 h半致死剂量(48 h-LD50)为>105μg·蜂^(-1),急性经口毒性48 h-LD_(50)为65.9μg·蜂^(-1),对蜜蜂的风险可接受(风险商(RQ)=0.135≤1)。对玉米螟赤眼蜂的急性毒性24 h半致死用量(24 h-LR_(50))为2.81×10^(-6) mg·cm^(-2),对玉米螟赤眼蜂的农田内和农田外喷雾场景风险均不可接受(危害商HQ_(in)=1199>5,HQ_(off)=24.2>5)。对家蚕的急性毒性96 h半致死浓度(96 h-LC_(50))为596 mg·L^(-1),对家蚕的喷雾场景下的最外围桑树风险不可接受(RQ=7.47>1),次外围桑树风险可接受(RQ=0.457≤1)。对不可接受的风险,宜采取风险减轻措施,如喷雾施药期间禁止释放赤眼蜂,避免在桑园周围喷雾法施药等,以达到保护非靶标环境生物的目的。To identify the acute toxicity and risk of 75%tebuconazole·azoxystrobin soluble powder(SP)to honeybees(Apis mellifera),Trichogramma wasp(Trichogramma ostriniae),and silkworm(Bombyx mori),we used four acute toxicity methods:oral-feeding and droplet-touching for honeybees,a drug film for T.ostriniae,and soaked leaves for silkworm.These were based on the China standard Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety As-sessment for Chemical Pesticides(GB/T 31270-2014).The results were then used for primary risk assessments according to the China standard,Guidance on Environmental Risk Assessment for Pesticide Registration(NY/T 2882-2016).The 48 h median lethal dose(48 h-LD_(50))of acute oral toxicity and acute contact toxicity of the test substance to honeybees were 65.9μg a.i.·bee^(-1)>105μg a.i.·bee^(-1);the risk to honeybee was acceptable(risk quo-tients,RQ=0.135≤1).The 24 h median lethal rate(24 h-LR_(50))to T.ostriniae was 2.81×10^(-6) mg·cm^(-2);the risk to T.ostriniae was unacceptable for in-field and off-field exposure scenario(hazard quotients,HQ_(in)=1199>5,HQ_(off)=24.2>5).The 96 h median lethal concentration(96 h-LC_(50))to silkworm was 596 mg·L^(-1);the risk to silkworm was unacceptable in drift exposure scenarios with first row of mulberry tree in periphery(RQ=7.47>1),and acceptable in drift exposure scenarios with second row of mulberry tree in periphery(RQ=0.457≤1).Measures should be taken to mitigate unacceptable risks to non-target species,such as prohibiting the release of T.ostriniae during ap-plication of the pesticide,and avoidance of spraying near mulberry fields.

关 键 词：戊唑醇 嘧菌酯 意大利蜜蜂 玉米螟赤眼蜂 家蚕 环境风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]