重庆市1959~2018年夏季高温热浪及湿度影响特征分析  

Characteristic Analysis of High Temperature Heat Wave and Humidity in Chongqing from 1959 to 2018 Summer

作　　者：杨溟鋆 杜钦 王咏薇[1,2] 高阳华 胡凝 何泽能[3] YANG Ming-jun;DU Qin;WANG Yong-wei;GAO Yang-hua;HU Ning;HE Ze-neng(School of Altmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment,Nanjing University of lnformation Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Science,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学大气环境中心,江苏南京210044 [3]重庆市气象科学研究所,重庆401147

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2021年第10期2492-2501,共10页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学面上项目(41675016)。

摘　　要：基于重庆市沙坪坝(城区)和北碚(郊区)站点1959~2018年夏季(6~8月)的气象观测数据,探究重庆市城区60年高温事件的时间变化特征,分析城郊差异和暖夜日数的变化特征,并通过计算温度-湿度指数(THI)以探究湿度因子对人体不舒适度的影响。结果表明:(1)重庆市城区高温热浪20世纪60~80年代呈减少趋势,90年代开始呈增加趋势,21世纪之后大幅增加。于2006年夏季到达顶峰,热浪天数达23 d。从城郊两站的差值分析,1997年以后,城市化过程导致城郊日平均气温和日最低气温增大,表明城市在夜间的增温效应明显。相对湿度的差值增大,城市区域湿度明显降低。(2)暖夜的发生率明显大于日间高温热浪,稳定存在,最高暖夜日数发生在2013年,达33 d。在2000~2009年日间、夜间高温同时存在的天数所占比例达到了35.73%,在2010~2018年增加到55.89%。城市化过程对重庆市城区的夜间高温产生一定影响。(3)近年来重庆地区高温高湿的日数逐渐增多。湿度对人体舒适程度存在不可忽视的影响。THI>24的所有数据中,相对湿度大于70%的天数所占的比例达到22.51%;夜间的不舒适受湿度因子的影响很大,相对湿度大于70%以上的日数日数占比为64.12%,延续了日间高温的危害。Based on the meteorological observation data of the Shapingba(urban) and Beibei(suburban) sites in Chongqing City during the summer of 1959-2018(June-August), explore the characteristics of the 60-year high temperature event in the urban area of Chongqing City, analyze the differences between the suburbs and the changes in the number of warm night days Features, and calculate the temperature-humidity index(THI) to explore the impact of humidity factors on human discomfort. The results show that:(1) The high temperature heat wave in the urban area of Chongqing showed a decreasing trend in the 1960 s and 1980 s, began to increase in the 1990 s, and increased sharply after the 21 st century. It reached its peak in the summer of 2006, with 23 days of heat wave. Based on the analysis of the difference between the two stations on the outskirts of the city, after 1997, the urbanization process has led to an increase in the daily average temperature and daily minimum temperature in the suburbs, indicating that the city has a significant effect of increasing temperature at night. The difference in relative humidity increases, and the humidity in urban areas decreases significantly.(2) The incidence of warm nights was significantly greater than that of daytime high temperature heat waves, and they existed stably. The highest number of warm nights occurred in 2013, reaching 33 days. During 2000-2009, the proportion of days with high temperature both during the day and night reached 35.73%, and increased to 55.89% in 2010-2018. The process of urbanization has a certain impact on the high temperature at night in the urban area of Chongqing.(3) In recent years, the number of days of high temperature and humidity in Chongqing has gradually increased. Humidity has a non-negligible effect on human comfort. Among all data with THI> 24, the proportion of days with relative humidity greater than 70% accounted for 22.51%;nighttime discomfort is greatly affected by humidity factors, and the proportion of days with relative humidity gr

关 键 词：重庆 高温热浪 城郊差异 暖夜日数 湿度因子 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]