海底地壳形变监测现状与启示  

Current situation and enlightenment of seafloor crustal deformation monitoring

作　　者：乔学军[1] 王伟[1] 林牧[1] 陈威[1] 刘刚[1] QIAO XueJun;WANG Wei;LIN Mu;CHEN Wei;LIU Gang(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy,Institute of Seismology,CEA,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地震研究所,地震大地测量重点实验室,武汉430071

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2021年第12期4355-4363,共9页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41731071,41874018)资助.

摘　　要：海底地壳形变监测对研究洋中脊扩展、火山、海洋板块运动及俯冲带地震活动等具有重要作用,其中GNSS定位与声呐测距技术(GNSS-A)是海底地壳形变监测的主要手段,经过30多年的发展,目前GNSS-A的精度达亚厘米级,可以满足很多海底构造形变的监测需求.我国虽然在大陆地壳形变监测与研究方面已达到国际水平,但在海底地壳形变监测方面与国外相比还存在一定差距,我国海岸线长达3.2万公里,沿海地区的大型活动断裂具有发生大震的风险,如横穿渤海的郯庐断裂带、东南沿海的滨海断裂带都曾发生过大震,因此开展海底地壳形变监测及相关研究势在必行.本文基于GNSS-A的系统组成与工作原理,在总结国内外研究现状的基础上,梳理了关键技术,并结合我国沿海主要活动断裂与地震活动性特点,提出了我国利用GNSS\|A技术开展海底地壳形变监测的建议.Seafloor crustal deformation monitoring plays an important role in studying the expansion of mid-ocean ridges,volcanoes,ocean plate movements,and seismic activities of subduction zones.GNSS positioning and acoustic ranging technology(GNSS-A)is the main method of seafloor crustal deformation monitoring.After more than 30 years of development,the accuracy of GNSS-A can reaches sub-centimeter level at present,which can meet the needs of many seafloor deformations monitoring and tectonics investigation.China has achieved the international level in continental crustal deformation monitoring and researches,but there is still a certain gap in seafloor crustal deformation monitoring compared with some foreign countries.The coastline of China is 32000 kilometers long and large-scale active faults in coastal areas are at risk of strong earthquakes.For example,the Tanlu Fault that crosses the Bohai Sea and the Binhai Fault on the southeast coast have all experienced large earthquakes.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out seafloor crustal deformation monitoring and related researches in China.Based on the system composition and observation principles of GNSS-A,this paper summarizes the key technologies on the basis of the research status at home and abroad.Considering the distribution of main active faults and seismicity in the coastal areas of China,a strategy to monitor the seafloor crustal deformation using GNSS-A is proposed.

关 键 词：GNSS声呐测距 海底地壳形变 近海活动断裂 地震 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]