当代系统观念与系统科学方法论的发展  

The Contemporary Systems Thinking and the Development of Methodology in Systems Science

作　　者：范冬萍[1] 黄键 FAN Dong-ping;HUANG Jian(Center for Systems Science and Systems Management Research,Institute for Science,Technology and Society,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学科学技术与社会研究院系统科学与系统管理研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2021年第11期9-14,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“系统哲学思想史”(19ZDA037);中宣部文化名家暨“四个一批”人才工程项目;国家“万人计划”哲学社会科学领军人才项目。

摘　　要："坚持系统观念"是我国"十四五"规划中提出的经济社会发展必须遵循的五个重要原则之一,也是处理我国新发展阶段所面临的国内国际复杂环境的重要方法论。当代系统观念可以说是随着系统科学的发展而概括出来的科学方法论。首先,系统观念是一种关于一般系统的整体论科学思维。贝塔朗菲提出的"一般系统论"对"系统"概念的科学界定成为系统整体性的一个重要科学基础;系统的同构性以及跨学科方法成为系统整体论思维的重要依据。第二,系统观念是一种关于自组织系统的非线性科学方法论。自组织理论提出的系统开放性生存原理、信息交换与反馈机制、竞争性协同机制是我们认识系统内在非线性所造成的复杂性的重要系统观念和方法论。第三,系统观念是一种关于复杂适应系统的生成论科学方法。适应性生成复杂性的突现性原理、必要多样性原理与多模型思维不仅是我们认识复杂适应系统进化的重要方法,也是当代系统观念的复杂性方法论新内涵。“Uphold the Systems Thinking”is one of the five important principles for economic and social development put forward in the 14 th Five-Year Plan of China,and it is also an important methodology to deal with the complexity of the domestic and international environment in the new stage of China’s development.The contemporary systems thinking can be said to be a scientific methodology summarized with the development of systems science.Firstly,systems thinking is a kind of scientific holism about the general system.The scientific definition of the concept of“system”by“general system theory”proposed by Bertalanffy has become an important scientific foundation for the systems holism.The isomorphism of the system and the interdisciplinary approach become the important basis for the systems holism.Secondly,systems thinking is a non-linear scientific methodology about self-organization systems.These principles put forward by the self-organization theory,such as the principle that only open system can survive,the mechanism of information exchange and feedback,and the mechanism of competitive collaboration,are important systems thinking and methodologies for us to understand the complexity caused by the inherent non-linearity of the system.Thirdly,systems thinking is a generatism scientific methodology about the complex adaptive system.The emergence principle of adaptation builds complexity,the law of Requisite Variety,and the multi-model thinking are not only the important methods for us to understand the evolution of the complex adaptive system,but also the new connotation of complexity methodology of contemporary systems thinking.

关 键 词：系统观念 系统科学 方法论 复杂性 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]