2005—2019年四川省汉族中小学生营养不良状况及变化趋势  

Status and Secular Trends of Malnutrition Among Primary and Middle School Han Students in Sichuan province From 2005 to 2009

作　　者：曾婕[1] 卢旭[2] 周亮[1] 陈剑宇[1] ZENG Jie;LU Xu;ZHOU Liang;CHEN Jianyu(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China;Education Department of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [2]四川省教育厅,成都610031

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2021年第11期1572-1576,1584,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解2005—2019年四川省7~18岁汉族中小学生营养不良现状和变化趋势,为制定四川省防控政策提供依据。方法利用2005、2010、2014和2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,使用《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》(WS/T 456-2014)标准对学生营养不良进行判定,采用SPSS 19.0软件分析数据,使用χ^(2)检验分性别、地区及年龄段对学生营养不良检出率进行比较,采用χ_(趋势)^(2)检验分析历年来学生营养不良变化趋势。结果2005—2019年四川省汉族中小学生营养不良检出率由15.83%降低到9.90%,14年间呈逐渐下降的趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=192.814,P<0.001)。小学、初中和高中3个学龄段学生营养不良检出率均持续下降(P均<0.001),以初中学生下降幅度最大(50.20%);高中学生的生长迟缓变化不明显(χ_(趋势)^(2)=1.148,P>0.05)。男生、女生、城市、农村学生营养不良检出率逐渐下降(χ_(趋势)^(2)=103.443,P<0.001;χ_(趋势)^(2)=79.406,P<0.001;χ_(趋势)^(2)=96.154,P<0.001和χ_(趋势)^(2)=96.879,P<0.001),且4次调研中营养不良检出率男生均高于女生(P均<0.001),农村学生高于城市学生(P均<0.001);4类学生在2010—2014年间下降幅度最大(38.39%、41.14%、26.12%和35.49%)。结论2005—2019年四川省7~18岁汉族中小学生营养不良检出率呈持续下降趋势,但总体检出率仍然较高,需要结合四川省省情加大对重点地区和重点人群的投入改善学生营养状况。Objective To understand the status and secular trends of malnutrition among primary and middle school Han students aged 7 to 18 years from 2005 to 2019 in Sichuan province so as to provide scientific basis for making the prevention and control policy.Methods All data were collected from 2005,2010,2014 and 2019 Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health.The nutritional status of students were defined by the standard of Screening Standard for Malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents(WS/T 456-2014).Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of malnutrition among students by gender,region and age.Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the trend of malnutrition among students over the years.Results From 2005 to 2019,the prevalence rate of malnutrition of students in Sichuan province decreased from15.83%in 2005 to 9.9% in 2019,showing a gradual downward trend over 14 years(χ_(trend)^(2)=192.814,P<0.001).The prevalence rate of malnutrition decreased gradually among primary school,middle school and high school students(P<0.001).The biggest decrease of the prevalence rate was observed among middle school students(50.20%),and there was no significant change in stunting among high school students(χ_(trend)^(2)=1.148,P>0.05).The prevalence rate of malnutrition among boys,girls,urban students and rural students decreased gradually(χ_(trend)^(2)=103.443,P<0.001;χ_(trend)^(2)=79.406,P<0.001;χ_(trend)^(2)=96.154,P<0.001;χ_(trend)^(2)=96.879,P<0.001).In the four investigations,the prevalence rate of malnutrition of boys was higher than that of girls(P<0.001),and the prevalence rate of malnutrition of rural students was higher than that of urban students(P<0.001).The biggest decrease of the prevalence rate from 2010 to 2014 was observed in boys,girls,urban students and rural students(38.39%,41.14%,26.12%,35.49%).Conclusion From 2005 to 2019,the prevalence of malnutrition of Han students aged 7 to 18 years old decreased gradually in Sichuan province,but the prevalence rate was still rel

关 键 词：营养不良 消瘦 生长迟缓 学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]