后期近代汉语事态助词“来”的功能及演变  

The function of the sentence-final particle lai(来) in late Old Mandarin and its diachronic change

作　　者：张赪[1] ZHANG Cheng

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2021年第6期643-658,766,共17页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文首先通过对明清文献的考察,对后期近代汉语事态助词"来"的功能有两点不同于以往研究的意见:一,事态助词"来"不限于过去事件,可用于将来事件等非过去事件;二,事态助词"来"以用于问答、疑问为主,有明显的引导对话、继续对话的功能,这是它和"了_(2)"最明显的区别。通过梳理现代汉语方言调查文献,发现现代汉语方言对事态助词"来"的时体功能有保留、有发展,现代汉语方言中"来"不见用于将来事件,在晋语和赣语中发展出先时体、经历体用法,但现代汉语"来"的话语功能还有待研究。By investigating the sentence-final particle lai(来)in literature of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the paper proposes two viewpoints differing from previous studies:1)The SFP lai can be used in the future as well as in the past events in late Old Mandarin;2)Usually occurring in interrogatives and other dialogistic texts,the SFP lai functions to lead or maintain a dialogue,which differentiates itself from le2(了2).In some modern Chinese dialects,the tense-aspect-marking function of lai has partly been preserved and even evolved.In the Jin and Gan dialects,for instance,lai is employed for the expression of anterior events and experiential aspect instead of future tense marking.

关 键 词：事态助词 “来” 将来事件 话语功能 后期近代汉语 现代汉语方言 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]