类比推理的眼动研究:揭示个体类比推理策略发展的有效手段  

Eye Movement Research of Analogical Reasoning:An Effective Way to Reveal the Developing Analogical Reasoning Strategies

作　　者：于晓 张涵 陈英和 戚玥 刘爱芳 刘丽丽 YU Xiao;ZHANG Han;CHEN Yinghe;QI Yue;LIU Aifang;LIU Lili(Department of Psychology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Institute of Developmental Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Fengshan Primary School,Wendeng District,Weihai 264400;Huanshan Primary School,Wendeng District,Weihai 264400)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院心理学系,北京100083 [2]北京师范大学心理学部,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学发展心理研究院,北京100875 [4]山东省威海市文登区峰山小学,威海264400 [5]山东省威海市文登区环山小学,威海264400

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2021年第6期897-903,共7页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(14ZDB160)。

摘　　要：近年来,研究者利用眼动技术具有高时间精度的优势,探明不同年龄群体完成类比推理过程的眼动模式特点并得出其在进行类比推理时所使用的策略。基于类比推理的眼动研究发现了三种典型的类比推理策略——项目优先策略、结构匹配策略和语义限制策略。成人更多表现为项目优先策略,儿童更多表现为语义限制策略。未来研究可以优化类比推理眼动指标,尤其是全局扫视路径的计算方法,并重点关注特殊群体的类比推理眼动模式以及关注类比推理策略与其他认知能力的交互作用。As the“core of cognition”,analogical reasoning refers the process of generating inferences based on rela⁃tional correspondences between two domains.In the recent years,researchers have begun to explore analogical rea⁃soning using eye⁃movement technology.An advantage of using eye tracking on analogical reasoning is that it pro⁃vides a real⁃time metric of the strategies that individual is engaging in while solving the task.By analyzing the order and amount of time that individual spend fixating on the various items in the analogy problem,researchers can gain insight that how individual is integrating information over the course of a trial before arriving at a solution.Recent studies have found three analogical strategies based on eye movement pattern.—project⁃first strategy,structure⁃mapping strategy and semantic⁃constrain strategy.Previous results showed that adults used more project⁃first strate⁃gy,while children used more semantic⁃constraint strategy.Future study can optimize the eye movement on analogy,especially the global saccade path.Furthermore,study would also focus special group’s eye pattern on analogical reasoning and its relationship with behavior prediction.

关 键 词：类比推理 眼动 儿童 类比推理策略 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]