先秦儒家“德政”思想与君权“限制”  

Pre Qin Confucian Thought of"Dezheng"and"Restriction"of Monarchy

作　　者：姜登峰[1] JIANG Dengfeng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2021年第6期17-30,共14页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：政权的合法性是政治问题的核心。以什么样的理论为政权合法性进行辩护是对当权者政治品德和国家政治道德的检验。我国自夏朝以来就以"天命君权"来标示政权的合法性,到西周初期基本形成中国古代以"天命君权"和"民命君权"为核心的"德政"思想,建立起"天命君权"和"民命君权"的政治体制。这种德政思想经过春秋战国时期的发展,最终定型于西汉武帝时期。古代的"德政"思想不仅担当着对政治合法性的证成,同时也包含着对统治者的权力制约功能。尽管古代社会君权隆盛,但德政体制的建立还是对君权政治发挥了相应的制约作用,展现我国古代社会一种独特的君权"限制"。“Political issues,like social issues,are first and foremost moral issues.”The legitimacy of the regime is the core of the political issues.What kind of theory(reason)to defend the legitimacy of the regime is a test of the political morality of the people in power and the country.Since the Xia Dynasty,the legitimacy of China’s political power has been marked by the monarchical power of the mandate of heaven.In the early Western Zhou Dynasty,the ancient Chinese thought of“Dezheng”(benevolent ruling)with the monarchical power of the“Tianming”(the mandate of Heaven)and the“Minming”(the mandate of People)as the core was basically formed,and the political system of the monarchical power of the“Tianming”and the“Minming”was established.After the development of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,this kind of ideology was finally finalized in Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty.The ancient thought of“Dezheng”not only serves as the proof of political legitimacy,but also contains the function of restricting the ruler’s power.Although the monarchical power flourished in ancient society,the establishment of the system of“Dezheng”still played a corresponding role in restricting the monarchical power politics,showing a unique system of“limiting”the monarchical power in ancient society of China.

关 键 词：儒家 德政 天命 民命 限制 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]