主渠道视野下行政复议与诉讼关系的重构  

Reconstruction of the Relationship Between Administrative Reconsideration and Litigation From the Perspective of Main Channels

作　　者：刘权[1] LIU Quan

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2021年第6期141-152,共12页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：同为纠纷解决机制的行政复议与行政诉讼,在"权利救济"目的上存在重合,从而可能导致制度设计的"趋同"。在行政复议成为化解行政争议主渠道的功能定位下,在行政复议司法化的新背景中,应当构建优势互补、衔接互洽的行政复议与行政诉讼的关系机制。应适度扩大行政复议前置的范围,对当事人权利义务影响较小的简单案件、专业性较强的案件、行政协议案件、行政不作为案件等,都可以实行复议前置。为了发挥法院作为"最后防线"的权利救济功能,应逐步减少直至取消复议终局案件。当事人不服行政复议的救济方式应当更加多元。不服初次复议的,可以探索设计向上级复议机关申请再次复议、直接起诉至法院、上诉至法院等类型。法院对不服复议的案件进行审查时,未必需要全部进行重新审查。行政复议的司法化需要适可而止。Administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation,both of which are dispute resolution mechanisms,overlap in the purpose of“right relief”,which may lead to“convergence”in system design.Under the functional positioning of administrative reconsideration as the main channel for resolving administrative disputes,and in the new background of judicialization of administrative reconsideration,the relationship mechanism between administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation should be constructed with complementary advantages and cohesion.The scope of pre-administrative reconsideration should be appropriately expanded.Simple cases that have less impact on the rights and obligations of the parties,highly specialized cases,administrative contract cases and cases of administrative non-performance of duties can all be pre-reconsidered.In order to give full play to the rights protection function of the court as the“last line of defense”,it should be gradually reduced until the final reconsideration case is canceled.The remedy methods for parties dissatisfied with administrative reconsideration should be more diverse.Those who are not satisfied with the initial reconsideration can explore and design the types of applications for reconsideration to the higher reconsideration agency,direct prosecution to the court,and appeal to the court.When the court reviews a case that does not accept the reconsideration,it may not be necessary to re-examine all the cases.The judicialization of administrative reconsideration needs to end in moderation.

关 键 词：主渠道 复议有限前置 复议终局 权利救济 监督行政 

分 类 号：D915.4[政治法律—诉讼法学]