行政复议改革的“政策试验”机制及其反思  

The Reflection of Policy Experiment Mechanism in the Evolution of Administrative Reconsideration Law

作　　者：卢超[1,2] LU Chao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所 [2]中国社科院大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2021年第6期153-163,共11页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要："政策试验"作为一类彰显中国特色的公共政策工具,在《行政复议法》的衍化过程中扮演了重要角色。中央借助地方政策试验来推动行政复议的改革创新,贯穿了行政复议制度的发展历史之中,尤其是行政复议委员会与行政复议局为代表的复议组织改革,鲜明反映了这一"试验主义"特色。行政复议委员会与行政复议局的的地方试点,为复议管辖权的集中统一改革积累了经验,但在试点进程中也存在合法性不足与科学性匮乏等难题。《行政复议法》的修改应当提升试点授权的合法性与试验政策的科学性,处理好集中统一改革与部门专业行政之间的价值平衡,或可借鉴《行政诉讼法》的修法经验,通过增加试验条款,为修法之后行政复议的持续改革留足政策试验空间。As a public policy instrument with Chinese characteristics,the policy experiment mechanism plays an important role in the evolution of the Administrative Reconsideration Law.The practice to promote centralized reform and innovations with local-level policy experiments runs through the development of China’s administrative reconsideration system.This experimentalism feature is reflected in the reform of the reconsideration organization represented by the Administrative Reconsideration Committee and the Administrative Reconsideration Bureau.While the local pilots of the Administrative Reconsideration Committee and the Administrative Reconsideration Bureau provides experience for the centralized reform of administrative reconsideration jurisdiction,there are challenges in legitimacy and scientific decision making in the trial process none the less.The research finds that the legitimacy of the pilot authorization and the scientific attributes of the experimental policies should be considered in the revision of the Administrative Reconsideration Law to reach a balance between centralized reform process and departmental profession administration.It is also suggested that we learn from the“Administrative Litigation Law”by adding Special experimental clauses to provide flexibility for policy experimentation in the continuous reform of administrative reconsideration after the amendment of the law.

关 键 词：行政复议法修改 政策试验 央地关系 行政复议局 行政复议委员会 

分 类 号：D915.4[政治法律—诉讼法学]