再论英国行政复议制度  

Revisiting Administrative Reconsideration in the UK

作　　者：彭錞 PENG Chun

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京大学宪法与行政法研究中心 [2]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2021年第6期164-178,共15页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“失信联合惩戒制度的法治困境及对策研究”(项目批准号:20CFX019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国行政复议制度的恰切比较项不是英国的行政裁判所制度,而是其行政复议制度。它具有复议机关行政性、复议范围广泛性、复议人员独立性、复议程序效率性及复议决定可诉性等特点。其定位是在行政正义体系内,提供一种程序灵活、成本低廉的纠纷解决机制,但不够独立、准确、有效、协调,目前正经历改革。这对我国行政复议改革的启示是:宏观层面,行政复议应实现"保权""监督"和"化解行政争议主渠道"多元目标功能的融合;中观层面,应摒弃"司法化""行政化"择一的无谓争论,在确保公正的基础上追求效率;微观层面,应适度引入听证机制、限制复议前置,并以更符合比较法经验与法治原理的措施取代复议机关"双被告"制度。The appropriate comparison of the administrative reconsideration system in China is not the administrative reconsideration system,but the administrative reconsideration system,in the United Kingdom,which refers to the review of administrative decisions by an official within the administrative agency but other than the original decision-maker.The main characteristics of the administrative reconsideration system in the UK include the administrative nature of the reconsideration agency,the wide scope of the reconsideration,the independence of the reconsideration personnel,the efficiency of the reconsideration procedure,and the suitability of the review decision.However,in actual operation,it faces challenges in terms of independence,accuracy,effectiveness and coordination,and is currently in the process of reform.The lessons that can be learned from understanding the administrative reconsideration system in the UK include:At the macro level,administrative reconsideration should achieve the integration of the multiple objectives of“protection of rights”,“supervision”and“main channel for resolving administrative disputes”;at the meso level,the unnecessary disputes between“judicialization”and“administration”should be discarded,and we should pursue efficiency on the basis of justice;at the micro level,a hearing mechanism should be appropriately introduced,the pre-reconsideration should be restricted,and the“dual defendant”system of the reconsideration agency should be replaced with measures that are more in line with comparative law and the principles of the rule of law.

关 键 词：行政复议 行政裁判所 英国行政法 行政复议改革 司法化 

分 类 号：D915.4[政治法律—诉讼法学]