家庭农场纵向一体化发展机理--基于扎根理论的质性研究  

An Analysis of the Development Mechanism of Vertical Integration of Family Farms--A Qualitative Research Based on Grounded Theory

作　　者：涂洪波[1] 梁春晴 刘姣姣 TU Hong-bo;LIANG Chun-qing;LIU Jiao-jiao(School of Management,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学管理学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2021年第12期76-89,共14页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于农户利益的新型农业经营主体纵向一体化发展研究”(16BGL131);武汉工程大学人文社会科学基金项目“乡村振兴背景下中国三农重大现实问题与对策研究”(R202102)。

摘　　要：近年来,国家大力培育新型农业经营主体,不断出台构建新型农业经营体系的政策措施,各类新型职业农民不断涌现,农业产业化经营组织形态出现新变化。其中,值得关注的现象是家庭农场纵向一体化发展,即家庭农场领办农民合作社或直接申办农业企业,或领办合作社后再以合作社名义申办农业企业,形成纵向一体化组织。为探究家庭农场纵向一体化发展机理,通过效标抽样法选择案例,利用扎根理论进行探索性研究,抽象概括相关影响因素并构建意愿—目标—路径模型。研究表明,家庭农场纵向一体化发展意愿受内外部两方面因素和条件影响,其中企业家精神、资本实力、个人经历、经营技能是影响纵向一体化发展意愿的内部因素,政府支持、社会化服务、制度环境、劳动力是影响纵向一体化发展意愿的外部因素。家庭农场纵向一体化发展能够融合家庭经营、合作经营、公司经营的优点,经营方式灵活,利益连接机制紧密,能更好地抵御自然风险和市场风险,有利于建立自有品牌,从而提高以家庭农场为核心、以合作社为纽带、以合作社社办企业为引领、以普通社员为基础的新型农业产业化经营组织的竞争力,获得产业化经营优势。家庭农场纵向一体化发展的目标是破解农产品卖难问题,现阶段解决这个问题的路径主要有四条,一是找准市场定位,二是做好品类选择,三是延伸产品价值链,四是提高产品质量。In recent years,China has vigorously cultivated new agricultural business entities,and has continuously introduced policies and measures to build a new agricultural business system.Various new types of professional farmers have continued to emerge,and new changes have occurred in the organization of agricultural industrialization.The phenomenon of vertical integration of family farms leading cooperatives and self-owned enterprises of cooperatives is worthy of attention.To explore the development mechanism of family farms vertical integration,the authors construct a willingness-target-path model based on grounded theory.It is found that:the willingness of family farm vertical development is affected by both internal and external factors and conditions;entrepreneurial spirit,capital strength,personal experience,and operational skills are the internal factors;and government support,socialized services,institutional environment,and labor supply are the external factors.The vertical integrated development of family farms can integrate the advantages of family operation,cooperative operation,and company operation.It has flexible operation methods and close benefit linkage mechanism;it is conducive to resisting natural risks and business risks,and is conducive to the building of its own brand;and it can improve the competitiveness of a new type of agricultural industrialized operation organization with family farms as the core,cooperatives as the link,cooperatives-run enterprises as the guidance,and ordinary members as the foundation to gain the advantages brought by industrialized operation.The final target of family farm vertical integration development is to solve the dilemma in the selling of agricultural products.At the current stage,there are four path to solve this dilemma:precise market positioning,good category choice,extended product value chain,and improved product quality.

关 键 词：家庭农场 纵向一体化 农业产业化经营 农产品卖难 扎根理论 

分 类 号：F321.4[经济管理—产业经济]