基于扫描电镜技术的甜玉米食味品质鉴评研究  

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Taste Quality Assessment of Sweet Corn

作　　者：黄文洁 陈中健 谭深源 肖仁仔 于永涛[2] 刘建华[2] 李文燕 晏石娟 HUANG Wenjie;CHEN Zhongjian;TAN Shenyuan;XIAO Renzai;YU Yongtao;LIU Jianhua;LI Wenyan;YAN Shijuan(Agro-biological Gene Research Center,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510640,China;Crop Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心/广东省农作物种质资源保存和利用重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第11期126-132,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：NSFC-广东联合基金项目(U1901201);广东省科技计划项目(2016B020233004);广东省农业科学院“中青年学科带头人”培养项目(R2020PY-JX019);广东省农业科学院创新基金项目(202205)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立一种简便、有效观察甜玉米果皮和胚乳超微结构的扫描电镜制样方法,并将其应用于不同类型甜玉米食味品质的鉴评。【方法】以新鲜饱满乳熟甜玉米籽粒为材料,采用戊二醛固定法、低热干燥法和直接制样法等3种不同样品处理方法,比较分析鲜玉米籽粒果皮和淀粉粒的超微结构及其差异。【结果】戊二醛固定制样法能很好地呈现甜玉米籽粒果皮细胞结构层次、厚度以及淀粉粒形态与空间分布等特征,是一种相对理想、便捷获得甜玉米籽粒果皮和淀粉粒超微结构的方法。将戊二醛固定法应用于4种类型甜玉米食味品质在超微结构水平的鉴定结果表明,不同类型甜玉米籽粒在果皮结构层次、胚乳淀粉腔隙、淀粉颗粒大小及分布等方面存在显著差异,这些超微结构差异与甜玉米口感品质密切相关。【结论】戊二醛固定法是一种简便、有效获得玉米果皮及胚乳等超微结构的方法,该方法可用于甜玉米食味品质在超微水平的鉴评以及籽粒果皮、淀粉粒等超微结构研究,为甜玉米品种改良提供方法支撑。【Objective】The study aims to establish a convenient and effective method to observe the ultrastructures of pericarp and endosperm in the kernels of sweet corn simultaneously based on the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),which can be applied to assess the taste quality of the kernels from different sweet corn varieties.【Method】The ultrastructures of pericarp and starch granules of the mature kernels were compared after they were prepared with three different sample treatment methods,including glutaraldehyde fixation method,low-heat drying method and direct sample preparation method.【Result】Glutaraldehyde fixation method could display the structure and thickness of pericarp cells well as well as the properties and spatial distribution of starch granules of the kernel,which was a relatively ideal and convenient pretreatment method for SEM observation of the ultrastructures of pericarp and endosperm in the kernels.Glutaraldehyde fixation method was then applied to compare the differences at the ultrastructural level among four sweet corn varieties.The results showed that there were significant differences among different types of sweet corn kernels in pericarp structure,endosperm starch space,starch granule size and their distribution.The different ultrastructure characteristics were closely related to the different taste qualities of sweet corn kernels.【Conclusion】Glutaraldehyde fixation is a convenient and effective method to obtain the ultrastructures of pericarp and endosperm in the kernels of sweet corn,which can be used to assess the taste quality of sweet corn at the ultrastructural level and the research on the ultrastructure characteristics of pericarp and starch granules in sweet corn kernels,providing a method to support the improvement of sweet corn varities.

关 键 词：甜玉米 扫描电镜 果皮 淀粉粒 超微结构 食味品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S121