高强度运动锻炼在载人航天飞行失重防护中的应用与展望  

Application and Prospect of Weightlessness Protection Based on High-Intensity Exercise in Manned Spaceflight

作　　者：王子牛 李小涛[1] 吕松泽 蒙鹏君[1] 张剑锋[2] 王惠娟[2] WANG Ziniu;LIXiaotao;LV Songze;MENGPengjun;ZHANG Jianfeng;WANG Huijuan(Special Environment Physiology and Physical Training Integration Innovation Research Center,XidianUniversity,Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,710126 China;State Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine Foundation and Application,Astronaut Center of China,Beijing,735305 China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学特殊环境生理与体能训练融合创新研究中心,陕西西安710126 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室,北京735305

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2021年第33期235-242,共8页Contemporary Sports Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究规划项目(20YJA890013);航天医学国家重点实验室开放课题(SMFA19K07);中央直属高校基本科研业务费资助项目(RW210416,YJS2108)。

摘　　要：长期太空飞行面临的失重,会导致人体运动能力下降,体育运动锻炼是目前失重防护的核心措施,因此,该文对当前载人航天飞行的失重防护方案中运动锻炼模式和负荷强度进行了系统的综述。当前,空间站执行的基于运动锻炼的失重防护,多采用中低强度运动锻炼,但是中低强度锻炼防护方案耗时长,防护效果相对有限。高强度、高负荷锻炼能更为有效地对抗失重所致的多系统不良生理效应,但是高强度同时伴随较高的运动风险。中等强度与高强度交替进行的耐力锻炼与抗阻锻炼相结合的多维度综合性运动锻炼,或许是未来失重防护发展的主要方向之一。The weightlessness faced by long-term space flight will lead to the decline of human exercise ability,and physical exercise is the core measure of weightlessness protection.Therefore,this paper systematically summarizes the mode and load of exercise in protection scheme for physiological effects of weightlessness during manned space flight.At present,the weightlessness protection based on exercise performed by the space station mostly adopts low-intensity exercise,but the low-intensity exercise protection scheme takes a long time and the protection effect is relatively limited.High intensity and high load exercise can more effectively resist the adverse multisystem physiological effects caused by weightlessness.However,high intensity is accompanied by high exercise risk.The multi-dimensional comprehensive exercise combining endurance exercise and resistance exercise alternately with medium intensity and high intensity may be one of the main directions for the development of weightlessness protection in the future.

关 键 词：失重 耐力锻炼 抗阻锻炼 高强度 防护 

分 类 号：G8[文化科学—体育学]