正念减压疗法对护士职业获益感、职业倦怠和心理健康的影响  

Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived professional benefits,job burnout and psychological health of nurses

作　　者：兖锐 王红利[1] 高峰[1] YAN Rui;WANG Hongli;GAO Feng(Neonatal Care Unit(NICU)of Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital,Zhengzhou 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省人民医院新生儿监护病房(NICU),郑州453000

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2021年第11期1679-1683,共5页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(编号:LHGJ20190075)。

摘　　要：目的:研究医院在职护士职业获益感、职业倦怠和心理健康状况以及采用正念减压疗法(MBSR)进行干预的效果。方法:选取2020年6月至10月某院85名护士为研究对象,采用护士职业获益感量表(NPPBS)、Maslach职业倦怠量表-服务行业版(MBI-HSS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行评估,然后按照MBSR训练方案干预8周并再次评估。结果:护士MBI-HSS量表情绪衰竭(t=20.668,P<0.001)、去人格化(t=7.042,P<0.001)和个人成就感(t=2.442,P<0.05)评分均高于Maslach常模,差异有统计学意义;护士SCL-90量表躯体化、强迫、焦虑、精神病性评分及总分(t=5.103,3.514,4.309,6.357,3.673;P<0.001)均高于常模,差异有统计学意义;MBSR干预后护士NPPBS量表正向职业感知、良好护患关系、亲友认同、团队归属感、自身成长评分及总分(t=14.113,10.320,10.318,3.355,16.912,25.040;P<0.001)均明显升高;MBSR干预后护士MBI-HSS量表中情绪衰竭和去人格化(t=20.717,20.140;P<0.001)评分均明显降低,亲友认同(t=18.790,P<0.001)评分明显升高;MBSR干预后护士SCL-90量表躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、恐怖、精神病性评分以及总分(t=4.413,4.070,2.746,5.250,4.583,3.716,3.347,7.122,26.911;P<0.001)均明显降低。结论:MBSR训练有助于护士提升职业获益感,缓解职业懈怠,对促进护士身心健康和提升护理质量具有积极作用。Objective:To study the perceived professional benefits,job burnout and psychological health status of in-service nurses in hospitals and the intervention effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR).Methods:A total of 85 nurses in our hospital from June 2020 to October 2020 were selected as the research subjects.Nurses’Perceived Professional Benefits Scale(NPPBS),Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey(MBI-HSS)and Symptom Checklist(SCL-90)were evaluated,and the scores were re-evaluated after 8 weeks of intervention in accordance to MBSR training regimen.Results:The scores of emotional exhaustion(t=20.668,P<0.001),depersonalization(t=7.042,P<0.001)and personal accomplishment(t=2.442,P<0.05)of MBI-HSS scale of nurses were higher than the Maslach norm(P<0.05).The scores of somatization(t=5.103,P<0.001),compulsion(t=3.514,P=0.001),anxiety(t=4.309,P<0.001)and psychosis(t=6.357,P<0.001)and total score(t=3.673,P<0.001)of SCL-90 scale of nurses were higher than the norm(P<0.05).After MBSR intervention,the scores of positive occupational perception(t=14.113,P<0.001),good nurse-patient relationship(t=10.320,P<0.001),identification with relatives and friends(t=10.318,P<0.001),sense of belonging to the team(t=3.355,P<0.001)and selfgrowth(t=16.912,P<0.001)and total score(t=25.040,P<0.001)of NPPBS scale of nurses were significantly increased.After MBSR intervention,the scores of emotional exhaustion(t=20.717,P<0.001)and depersonalization(t=20.140,P<0.001)of MBI-HSS scale were significantly reduced while the score of identification with relatives and friends(t=18.790,P<0.001)was significantly increased.After MBSR intervention,the scores of somatization(t=4.413,P<0.001),compulsion(t=4.070,P<0.001),interpersonal sensitivity(t=2.746,P<0.01),depression(t=5.250,P<0.001),anxiety(t=4.583,P<0.001),hostility(t=3.716,P<0.001),horror(t=3.347,P<0.001)and psychosis(t=7.122,P<0.001)and total score(t=26.911,P<0.001)of SCL-90 scale of nurse were significantly reduced.Conclusion:MBSR training can help nurses improve the perceive

关 键 词：护士 正念减压疗法 职业获益感 职业倦怠感 心理健康 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]