生命功利主义:意大利Covid-19重症治疗的伦理原则  

Life utilitarianism: the ethical principles of intensive care treatment of Covid-19 in Italy

作　　者：田广兰[1] 徐艳东 TIAN Guang-lan;XU Yan-dong

机构地区：[1]苏州大学哲学系,江苏苏州215000 [2]中国社会科学院大学哲学院 [3]中国社会科学院哲学所,北京100732

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期29-38,145,共10页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“技术时代的道德责任问题研究”(17BZX107);国家社科基金一般项目“意大利文艺复兴与转型伦理研究”(18BZX114)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：意大利麻醉、镇痛、复苏和重症医学学会(SIAARTI)在新冠疫情期间发布了一份临床伦理建议,用以规范和指导意大利的医疗机构及医护人员在新冠疫情困境中对Covid-19患者的重症治疗。该文件旨在“使最多的患者受益”,要求在紧急事态中诉诸一种生命功利主义。它以“最大治疗成功机会”和“最长预期寿命”为标准的效用原则作为第一原则,辅之以对相关者“伤害最小化”的补偿原则,两条原则构成了生命功利主义的决策和行动框架。尽管“生命”和“功利主义”常常互不相容,但仔细的慎思发现生命功利主义却是在病毒大流行时期向人类开放的可能选项中“最不坏”的选择。随着极端情形的缓解,生命个体将依然是人类值得珍视和守护的最高价值。Italian SIAARTI issued an ethical recommendation to standardize and instruct Italian medical institutions and healthcare staff on how to treat Covid-19 patients in severe condition. Designed to “benefit the greatest number of patients”,this recommendation appeals to a form of life utilitarianism in case of emergency. It takes the utility principle as the priority which contains the “greater chances of treatment success” and the “greatest life expectancy”,supplemented by the compensation principle of “minimizing harm” to the stakeholders. The two principles constitute the decision-making and action framework of life utilitarianism. Although “life” and “utilitarianism” are often incompatible,“life utilitarianism” is actually “the least bad” choice of the possible options open to human during a viral pandemic.With the termination of the emergency,individual life will remain the highest value to be cherished and preserved.

关 键 词：新冠疫情 生命功利主义 效用原则 补偿原则 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]