打破藩篱——试论铁路引进前东北市场网络的建构与近代经济空间的初步形成  

Bursting through the Barrier:Establishment of the Market Network in Manchuria before the Introduction of Railway and Its Initial Formation of Modern Economic Space

作　　者：王大任[1] Wang Daren

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100086

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2021年第6期90-103,共14页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“近代东北乡村的资源流通网络与乡村社会变迁研究”(批准号:20FZSB055)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文力图揭示铁路引进之前,东北地区市场网络建构对当地传统三元社会经济消融及以商品化农业和乡村市场共同体为代表的近代经济空间初步生成的影响。清代中期以来,移民所引起的人口增长,引发了东北地区对于外部市场以衣料为代表的必需品的巨大需求。为移民提供必需品的市场网络末端,构成了农耕经济形态向传统游牧、渔猎经济区域扩张的动态边界。随着直达东北腹地的水陆远距离联运交通网络的逐步完善,该地区的市场网络在铁路引进前也继之渐次形成。在农业模式向传统游牧、渔猎经济区域逐步扩张的过程中,业务集聚型商铺在移民聚集和移民经济空间生成上都起到了至关重要的作用。农田对森林、草原区域不断扩张,也使得传统的游牧、渔猎经济模式越来越无法大规模维持。最终,对市场网络具有极大依赖性的高度商品化农业模式在东北经济空间分布上越来越占据优势,传统的三元社会经济模式也开始逐渐消融。这一趋势尽管是在铁路引进后才最终得以完成,但在此之前就早已显露端倪。It is strived to reveal the effects of the Manchurian market network before the introduction of railway:the disintegration of the traditional tripartite social economy in the locality and the initial formation of the modern economic space based on commercialized agriculture and rural market community.Since mid-Qing Dynasty,the population has been increased due to immigration,which resulted in the enormous demand on the necessities from external markets such as materials for clothing.The dynamic boundary of the expansion of Agricultural economy into traditional nomadic or fishing and hunting economic areas is composed of the terminal points of the market network providing immigrants with necessities.Following the progressive improvement of water and land long-distance transportation network as far as the hinterland of Manchuria,the market network in this region began to form step-by-step before the introduction of railway.In the process of the expansion of agricultural economy into traditional nomadic or fishing and hunting economic areas,shops played an important role in immigrants’attraction and the formation of immigration economy space.Due to the continuous expansion of farmland into forest and grassland,it is more and more difficult for traditional nomadic or fishing and hunting economy to maintain in large scale.Eventually,highly commercialized agricultural pattern,which has reliance on market network,became more and more dominant in the space distribution of Manchuria economy.Although the transition was not complete until the introduction of railway,the tendency had been emerged long before.

关 键 词：东北 市场网络 经济空间 商品化 三元经济模式 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]