近15年内蒙古防沙带防风固沙功能时空变化特征  

Spatiotemporal variations of wind prevention and sand fixation function in the sand-prevention belt in Inner Mongolia in recent 15 years

作　　者：刘利民[1] 王婷婷 李秀芬[1] 谢遵博 武金洲 宋立宁[2,3,4] LIU Li-min;WANC Ting-ting;LI Xiu-fen;XIE Zun-bo;WU Jin-zhou;SONG Li-ning(Agronomy College of Shenyang Ag-riculural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Manage-ment,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Qingyuan Forest CERN,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Key Laboratory,for Management of Non-commercial Forests,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China;Instiule of Meteorological Sciences of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室(沈阳应用生态研究所),沈阳110016 [3]中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站,沈阳110016 [4]辽宁省生态公益林经营管理重点实验室,沈阳110016 [5]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第11期3436-3447,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0507305)资助。

摘　　要：防风固沙是我国北方防沙带主要生态功能,对于筑牢我国北方生态安全屏障至关重要。本文以北方防沙带东部的内蒙古防沙带为研究区域,利用修正风蚀模型(RWEQ)量化了2000和2015年内蒙古防沙带土壤风蚀物质量和防风固沙量,明确了内蒙古防沙带防风固沙功能时空演变规律,并探讨了土地利用变化对防风固沙功能的影响,以期为提升我国北方防沙带生态服务功能提供参考。结果表明:(1) 2000年,研究区风蚀物质量介于0.007~48.9 kg·m^(-2),风蚀物质总量为29418.3×10^(8)kg;2015年研究区风蚀物质量介于0.002~48.2 kg·m^(-2),风蚀物质总量为28727.3×10^(8)kg,较2000年减少了691.1×10^(8)kg。2000年,土壤风蚀强度以中度、强烈和剧烈为主,占研究区总面积的71.6%;2015年,土壤风蚀强度以轻度、中度和剧烈为主,占研究区总面积的78.7%,其中土壤风蚀强度为强烈、极强烈和剧烈区域面积减少了101079 km^(2),而土壤风蚀强度轻度和中度区域面积增加了100572 km^(2)。(2) 2000年,研究区防风固沙量介于0~42.4 kg·m^(-2),2015年的防风固沙量介于0~45.4 kg·m^(-2),防风固沙量最高的地区为赤峰市,其次为通辽和鄂尔多斯市,防风固沙量最低的地区为乌海市和石嘴山市。研究区总固沙量较2000年增加了646.0×10^(8)kg。研究区防风固沙功能以"低"、"较低"和"中"为主,占研究区总面积的75%以上。2000—2015年,防风固沙功能"较高"、"高"的区域面积增加1979 km^(2)。(3) 2000—2015年,沙漠的总面积减少,主要转换为草地、耕地类型,转换草地面积为6460.7 km^(2),转换耕地面积为439.2km^(2)。上述结果表明,近15年来,内蒙古防沙带的防风固沙功能得到明显提升,得益于人工植被建设,但不同地区防风固沙功能差异较大。因此,未来应加强分区施策治理与研究区西部防风固沙功能的提升。The wind prevention and sand fixation function are the main ecological service function of sand-prevention belt in northern China,which is important for the construction of ecological safety barrier in northern China.In this study,the sand-prevention belt in Inner Mongolia was selected as the study region,the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) was applied to quantify soil wind erosion mass and wind prevention and sand fixation mass in 2000 and 2015.We analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of wind prevention and sand fixation function,and the effects of land-use change on wind prevention and sand fixation function,aiming to provide reference for improving ecological service function of sand-prevention belt in northern China.The results showed that:(1) soil wind erosion mass ranged from 0.007 to 48.9 kg·m^(-2)in 2000,with a total soil wind erosion mass of 29418.3×10^(8)kg,while it ranged from 0.002 to 48.2 kg·m^(-2)in2015,with a total soil wind erosion mass of 28727.3×10^(8)kg.From 2000 to 2015,the total amount of wind erosion in the whole region reduced by 691.1×10^(8)kg.The intensity of soil wind erosion was mainly moderate,intensive,and severe,which together accounted for 71.6%of the total area in 2000,while it was mainly slight,moderate,and severe,accounting for 78.7%of the total area in 2015.The area of the regions with soil wind erosion of intensive,extreme,and severe intensity decreased by 101079 km^(2),while the area with soil wind erosion of mild and moderate intensity increased by 100572 km^(2).(2) The average amount of wind prevention and sand fixation per unit area ranged from 0 to 42.4 kg·m^(-2)in 2000,while it ranged between 0 and 45.4kg·m^(-2)in 2015.The average amount of wind prevention and sand fixation per unit area was the highest in Chifeng City,followed by Tongliao and Ordos cities,while Wuhai and Shizuishan cities had the lowest values.The total amount of wind prevention and sand fixation in the study region was increased by 646.0×10^(8)kg from 2000 to 2015.The level of wind p

关 键 词：修正风蚀模型 风蚀物质量 土地利用/覆盖类型 林业生态工程 

分 类 号：S775[农业科学—森林工程]