行政诉讼中情况判决的适用条件  

Applicable Conditions of Situational Judgment in Administrative Litigation

作　　者：张宁[1] Zhang Ning

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2021年第6期54-81,共28页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：自2000年我国引入行政诉讼情况判决制度以来,学界、实务界对此制度的主流适用态度一直是从严把握。2014年《行政诉讼法》修改期间,是否保留该制度抑或修改适用条件等问题曾引起讨论,最终入法条文基本未作变动。通过分析2015—2019年我国法院的941个情况判决案例发现,司法实践中存在对“公共利益”和“重大损害”条件认定标准模糊不一、利益衡量要素全面性不足的问题。在参考不同国家和地区法律的基础上,可通过统一“公共利益”的司法审查标准并限缩类型、在“重大损害”条件认定上以“衡量模式”替代“单纯判断模式”等手段完善情况判决适用条件之体系。同时,应将情况判决作为最后的备用判决类型,搭配以建构预防性行政诉讼制度、提高停止执行制度的实施效果等措施来减少适用,最终实现相对人权利的全面保护。Since the introduction of situational judgment in China in 2000,strict control has been the mainstream application attitude of academic and practical circles.During the revision of the Administrative Procedure Law in 2014,whether to retain the system or to modify the applicable conditions and other issues were discussed,and the final provisions of the law have not been changed.With the analysis on 941 cases of situational judgment in China's courts from 2015 to 2019,it is found that there are some problems in judicial practice,such as ambiguous criteria for the judgment of“public interest”and“significant damage”,and insufficient comprehensiveness of interest measurement elements.Referring to foreign laws to unify the judicial review standard of“public interest”and limit the type,replace“simple judgment mode”with“measurement mode”on the determination of“major damage”,in addition to other measurements,the system of applicable conditions of situational judgment can be improved.At the same time,situational judgment should be taken as the final standby judgment,with the construction of preventive administrative litigation system,the improvement of the implementation effect of the stop execution system and other measures,to reduce the application of circumstance judgment,and ultimately realize the comprehensive protection of the rights of the counterpart.

关 键 词：情况判决 司法实践 公共利益 衡量模式 停止执行 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]