认知资源:解释社会助长效应的新视角  

Cognitive Resources:A New Perspective to Explain Social Facilitation

作　　者：罗映宇 孙锐[1] 王艺翔 韦志颖 Luo Yingyu;Sun Rui;Wang Yixiang;Wei Zhiying(School of Business Administration,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou,362000)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学工商管理学院,泉州362000

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第5期1049-1056,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目(20YJA630054)的资助。

摘　　要：Zajonc和Baron分别提出社会唤醒理论和分心-冲突理论对社会助长效应进行解释,但仍存在一定的不足。研究在两种理论的基础上提出一种基于认知资源的解释观点,通过行为实验和脑电实验对这一观点进行验证。结果发现:(1)行为数据符合社会唤醒理论假设。(2)简单任务组比复杂任务组诱发更高的N1波幅。(3)简单任务下,有人在场诱发更高的N1波幅;复杂任务下,有人在场与无人在场诱发的N1无显著差异。结果提示:他人在场通过改变个体的注意力投入来影响任务的完成效果。研究有效地弥补了社会唤醒理论和分心-冲突理论在社会助长效应解释中的缺陷,为社会助长效应的研究提供了一个新的视角。Zajonc and Baron put forward the Hull-spence drive theory and the distraction-conflict theory to explain the social facilitation,but there are still some shortcomings.This study believes that the social facilitation effect is the result of the allocation of cognitive resources to the individual by the presence of others;that is,the presence of others affects the individual's cognitive resources and thus affects their behavior.The theory of cognitive resources believes that the individual's cognitive resources are limited.When the resources in the cognitive system are exhausted,the channels for other functions in the system to use the resources will be blocked.In previous research,whether the presence of others strengthened the dominant behavior,weakened the subordinate behavior,or strengthened the simple behavior,weakened the complex behavior,ignored the influence of the individual's cognitive resources on the behavior,and ignored the individual's difficulty in further improving the effect under the full cognitive load.Possible.Based on this,the research proposes the following point:In the presence of others,the individual's level of cognitive resources invested in the current task is an important cause of individual behavior differences.The research emphasizes the distribution of individual cognitive resources by the presence of others.Specifically:when the current task requires fewer cognitive resources,the individual has excess cognitive resources to deploy,and the presence of others prompts the individual to invest more cognitive resources into the current task to improve the task effect;When more cognitive resources are required,the individual's cognition is approaching full capacity.The presence of others not only fails to promote the individual to invest more cognitive resources in the task,but also has a distracting effect and reduces the task effect.In order to verify the above conjecture,we performed the following two tasks.The first is to use the visual search paradigm to design simple tasks(high load)

关 键 词：社会助长效应 社会唤醒理论 分心-冲突理论 事件相关电位 认知资源 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]