QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE QUALIFICATION RIGHT AND THE RIGHT OF USE IN THE‘SEPARATION OF THREE RIGHTS’OF HOUSE SITES  

宅基地“三权分置”中资格权、使用权定性辨析

作　　者：Sun Jianwei Li Jiesi(Translated) 孙建伟;Li Jiesi(Translated)(Law School of Anhui University of Finance and Economics;不详)

机构地区：[1]Law School of Anhui University of Finance and Economics [2]不详

出　　处：《China Legal Science》2021年第6期50-80,共31页中国法学（英文版）

基　　金：the phased achievement of the General Project of National Social Science Fund of China in 2021,entitled The Legal Study on the Structure of the Separation of Three Rights after the Legislation on the Qualification Right of a House Site。

摘　　要：It is the core and key to the institutional construction of the‘separation of three rights’of house sites to accurately understand the legal nature of the right to use and the qualification right of a house site.The judgment of the legal nature of the right to use and the qualification right of a house site cannot be separated from that of the nature of a specific legal relationship.The collective and the members form a de facto special collective-ownership relationship based on the relationship between the ownership and the utilization of house sites.It can be said that if there is no such collective-ownership relationship or no qualification right of the members,there is no way to understand the original right to use a house site.The qualification right is a kind of qualification in the distribution of collective members’house sites.It should have relatively independent connotations of rights and the dual natures of personal rights and proprietary rights.The qualification right should be determined and registered to provide the institutional foundation for further separation of the right to use a house site.The right to use a house site seems to be a kind of relatively independent right to usufruct with characteristics of the right over the property of another.In fact,this is not the case.The right to use a house site is not only the right of superficies in the sense of property law but also the land leasehold or statutory leasehold.The original right to use a house site shall be abolished and two brand-new rights,the right to use and the qualification right of a house site,shall be designed.The judgment is more in line with the specific factual relationship and practical characteristics of the‘separation of three rights’of house sites in China,and is also more easily accepted and recognized by the rural collective members in China.准确把握宅基地资格权、使用权在法律上的性质,是宅基地"三权分置"制度构建的核心与关键。对于宅基地资格权和使用权法律性质的判断,离不开具体法律关系性质的判断。集体与成员基于宅基地所有与利用之间的关系,形成了事实上的特殊总有关系。没有这种总有关系,没有成员的资格权,就无法理解原有的宅基地使用权。资格权是集体成员宅基地分配中的一种资格,其应该具有相对独立的权利内涵,并具有人身权和财产权双重属性。宅基地资格权应进行确权登记,为使用权进一步分离提供制度基础。宅基地使用权看似是一种相对独立并具有他物权特质的用益物权,其实不然,其不只是物权法意义上的地上权,还可以是土地租赁权或法定租赁权。应取消原有的宅基地使用权,重新设计两项全新的权利—资格权与使用权。这种判断较为契合我国宅基地"三权分置"具体的事实关系和实践特点,也较容易为我国农村集体成员所接受和认可。

关 键 词：用益物权 资格权 宅基地使用权 地上权 他物权 实践特点 制度构建 三权分置 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.3[政治法律—法学]