论司法确认程序的结构性优化  

On the Tructural Optimization of Judicial Confirmation Procedure

作　　者：马丁[1] Ma Ding

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2021年第4期122-136,共15页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“诉与民事实体权利之间关系的理论及其应用研究”(项目编号:18BFX067)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：按照现行规定只有双方共同提出申请才能启动司法确认程序,并且双方的意愿需要一直维持到程序结束时。这种制度设计意在防止存在重大意思瑕疵的调解协议通过司法确认获得强制执行力。但它导致程序入口太窄、将大量并无意思瑕疵的调解协议拒之门外,造成不愿诚信履行协议的一方能轻易避免协议获得强制执行力。要求共同申请看似不得已而为之,实则出于对司法确认程序的误解。该程序能在一定程度范围内容纳和处理纷争,不必以共同申请作为前置条件剔除所有双方就协议存在争议的情形。应当对现行司法确认程序进行结构性优化,包括依单方申请启动程序、允许双方适度对抗、由法官视双方对抗的状况赋予相应程序结果等举措。通过这种系统性调整可以提高司法确认制度对调解协议的保障效果,促进调解制度功能的发挥。According to the current legislations,the judicial confirmation procedure can be initiated only when both parties jointly make the application,and the willingness of both parties need to be maintained until the termination of the procedure.This system is designed to prevent mediation agreements with significant meaning defects from being enforced through judicial confirmation.However,it leads to the narrow entrance of the procedure,which will deny many mediation agreements without meaning defects,and it will also cause the party unwilling to perform the agreement in good faith to easily avoid the enforceability of the agreement.The arrangement of joint application seems to be a last resort,but it is out of a misunderstanding of the judicial confirmation procedure.The procedure can accommodate and handle disputes within a certain range,without taking the joint application as a precondition,eliminating all disputes between both parties on the agreement.We should optimise the current judicial confirmation procedure at the structural level,including starting the procedure according to the unilateral application,allowing both parties to moderate confrontation,and giving the corresponding procedure results by the judging the confrontation situation.This systematic adjustment can improve the guarantee effect of the judicial confirmation on the mediation agreement and promote the function of the mediation system.

关 键 词：司法确认 调解协议 意思瑕疵 单方申请 异议 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]