基于实际耗水的固原地区马铃薯生产水足迹研究  

Water footprint of potato production based on crop water consumption in Guyuan,Ningxia Province

作　　者：李怡瑶 王彦军 马安平 梁云峰[3] 朱永宁 冯东溥 LI Yiyao;WANG Yanjun;MA Anping;LIANG Yunfeng;ZHU Yongning;FENG Dongpu(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,China Meteorological Administration,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学机械工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [4]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2021年第5期227-232,240,共7页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03039);宁夏重点研发引才专项(2020BEB04028);中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所基本科研业务费项目“出苗-分枝期干旱胁迫对马铃薯生长发育的影响试验研究”。

摘　　要：通过水足迹理论准确评估固原地区马铃薯生产的水资源利用效率情况,为当地马铃薯产业发展提供理论依据。采用基于实际耗水的水足迹计算原理、Mann-Kendall检验、Sen斜率法、LMDI模型,研究了固原地区马铃薯生产水足迹的变化趋势和主要影响因素。研究结果表明:1981-2017年固原市马铃薯生产水足迹均值为1.48 m^(3)/kg,下辖县(区)均值在1.17~2.04 m^(3)/kg之间,全市和各县(区)马铃薯生产水足迹均呈显著减小趋势,全市年均变幅为-0.04 m^(3)/(kg·a);固原市单位面积绿水消耗量和单产量均值分别为2778.4 m^(3)/hm^(2)和2.18 t/hm^(2),下辖县(区)分别在2622.2~3401.3 m^(3)/hm^(2)和1.65~3.19 t/hm^(2)之间,各县(区)单产量均呈显著增加趋势,从西北到东南单产量和单位面积绿水消耗量增大,水足迹减少;固原市单产量全时段贡献率为80.8%,贡献量在0~-2.30 m^(3)/kg之间,单位面积绿水消耗量贡献率为19.2%,各县(区)单产量贡献率为76.3%~84.0%,单位面积绿水消耗量贡献率为16.0%~23.7%。水足迹计算方法中考虑了实际耗水条件,比充分灌溉条件更能反映实际情况。固原地区马铃薯水足迹显著下降主要是由于单产量增加,单产量作为主要驱动因子仍有提升潜力,今后应该加强农业现代化发展,提高水资源利用效率。The water footprint theory was employed to accurately evaluate the water resources utilization efficiency of Guyuan potato production in order to provide a theoretical support for the development of local potato industry.The Penman-Monteith equation based on actual water consumption,Mann-Kendall trend test,Sen’s slop and logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)model were adopted to analyze the variation trend of potato water footprint(PWF)and its contributing factors.The results showed that the average PWF in Guyuan City during 1981-2017 was 1.48 m^(3)/kg,and in its subordinate counties was between 1.17 and 2.04 m^(3)/kg,which all showed a decreasing trend,with an average annual variation of-0.04 m^(3)/(kg·a)in the City.The green water consumption per hectare(CWU green)and the average yield per hectare(Y)were 2778.4 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 2.18 t/hm^(2),respectively;whereas those of subordinate counties were in the range of 2622.2-3401.3 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 1.65-3.19 t/hm^(2),respectively.The Y in the subordinate counties all showed a significant upward trend.From northwest to southeast,the Y and CWU green increased,but the water footprint decreased.The contribution rate of Y for changes in PWF during the whole period was 80.8%,and the contribution amount was in the range of 0--2.30 m^(3)/kg.The contribution rate of CWU green was 19.2%,whereas in the subordinate counties the contribution rates of Y were in the range of 76.3%-84.0%,and those of CWU green were in the range of 16.0%-23.7%.The water footprint calculation method adopted here is based on the actual water consumption condition,which can reflect the real situation better than the full irrigation condition.The increase of Y contributes the most to the significant decrease of PWF in Guyuan,which still has potential to improve.Therefore,the local government and farmers should strengthen the development of agricultural modernization and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources to increase the yield.

关 键 词：马铃薯 水足迹 LMDI模型 作物耗水量 固原地区 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源] S273[农业科学—农业水土工程]