论未成年人出庭作证的实然困境及其合理解脱  

On the Actual Dilemma and Reasonable Relief of Minors Testifying on Court

作　　者：王译 Wang Yi

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学 [2]最高人民检察院检察公益诉讼理论研究基地 [3]湘潭大学反腐败司法研究基地

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2021年第5期12-22,共11页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：2020年湖南省社科基金青年项目(项目编号:20YBQ095);2020年度湖南省教育厅科学研究一般项目(项目编号:20C1781);2021年最高人民检察院检察理论研究自筹项目(项目编号:GJ2021D20)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在涉及未成年人的刑事案件中,现行立法确立了"不出庭为原则,出庭为例外"的作证规则。基于直接言词原则要求,未成年人不出庭作证与法官直接审理之间存在价值冲突。囿于未成年人的"脆弱证人"身份,欠缺"合适成年人"在场的法庭证据调查难以实现预期证明效果。从实体权利层面,立法应强化未成年人的出庭作证资格,确立"合适成年人"在场规则,重视作证能力的庭前审查。从程序保障层面,立法应明确未成年人以被害人和关键证人身份出庭作证的法定情形,并应享有作证豁免权。同时,从优化出庭作证效果视角规范依职权启动的出庭作证模式,为未成年人出庭作证提供辅助手段,并关注未成年人出庭后的心理建设。In criminal cases involving minors, the current legislation establishes the rule of testifying that "the principle is not to appear in court, and the exception is to appear in court". Based on the principle of direct speech, there is a value conflict between minors’ failure to testify in court and judges’ direct trial. Constrained by the status of "vulnerable witness" of minors, it is difficult to achieve the expected proof effect in court evidence investigation without the presence of "suitable adults". From the aspect of substantive rights, legislation should strengthen the qualification of minors to testify in court, establish the presence rules of "suitable adults", and attach importance to the pre-trial examination of the ability to testify. From the aspect of procedural guarantee, legislation should clarify the legal situation of minors testifying in court as victims and key witnesses, and should enjoy immunity from testifying. At the same time, from the perspective of optimizing the effect of testifying in court, we should standardize the mode of testifying in court initiated by authority, provide auxiliary means for minors to testify in court and pay attention to the psychological construction of minors after appearing in court.

关 键 词：庭审实质化 职权探知主义 直接言词原则 合适成年人 庭前会议 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D669.5[政治法律—法学]