空气污染治理对企业全要素生产率的影响--基于《环境空气质量标准(2012)》的准自然实验  

Impact of air pollution control on total factor productivity of firms:a quasi-natural experiment based on the Ambient Air Quality Standards(2012)

作　　者：顾和军 严蔚然[1] GU Hejun;YAN Weiran(School of Business,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044,China;Research Base of Jiangsu Province with Talents of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044,China;Jiangbei New Area Development Research Institute,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学商学院,江苏南京210044 [2]江苏人才强省研究基地,江苏南京210044 [3]南京信息工程大学江北新区发展研究院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2021年第11期59-67,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“延迟退休、隔代照料与中国育龄女性生育行为”(批准号:19BRK031);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目“空气污染、流动人口健康与疾病负担”(批准号:2018SJZDI104)。

摘　　要：“十四五”规划中,明确提出持续改善环境质量,强化多污染物协同控制和区域协同治理,加强细颗粒物和臭氧协同控制,达成基本消除重污染天气的目标。近年来,中国持续加大生态环境保护力度,空气质量显著改善,呈现出稳中向好趋势。当前,空气污染仍处于较高水平,政府和企业均面临着严峻考验,大气污染防治相应措施必须持之以恒。此时检验环境空气质量标准政策的实施效果,有助于政府正视自身治理效果和完善政策,并为企业提供管理对策。该研究以《环境空气质量标准(2012)》作为准自然实验,采用2008—2018年全部A股上市公司的数据,系统考察空气污染治理对企业全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制。首先,通过政策效应的检验评估,发现环境空气质量标准的颁布能够显著降低PM2.5的浓度,空气质量得到改善,政策有效。在此基础上,运用双重差分法解决潜在的内生性问题,实证研究该项污染治理政策对于企业全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明,环境空气质量标准的试点实施显著提高了试点城市上市企业的全要素生产率。上述结果在通过一系列的稳健性检验后仍然成立。进一步的机制分析表明,新标准的试点实施会通过总成本和企业创新作用于企业全要素生产率。此外,相较于非国有企业,国有企业对政策标准的响应更为敏感;非重污染行业的生产率受到新标准的影响比重污染行业企业更显著。该研究为科学推进大气污染治理攻坚行动、确保蓝天保卫战圆满收官提供了有益的政策启示。The 14th Five-Year Plan formulated by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed to continuously improve environmental quality,strengthen the synergistic control of multiple pollutants and regional synergistic management,enhance the synergistic control of fine particulate matter and ozone,and reach the goal of basically eliminating heavily polluted weather.In recent years,China has continued to increase ecological environmental protection efforts,and air quality has improved significantly,showing a steady trend for the better.At present,air pollution is still at a high level,both the government and enterprises are facing a severe test,and corresponding measures for air pollution prevention and control must be persistent.Testing the implementation of the ambient air quality standard policy can help the government to face the effect of its governance and improve the policy,and to provide management countermeasures for enterprises.This paper used the Ambient Air Quality Standards(2012)as a quasi-natural experiment and employed data from all A-share listed companies from 2008-2018 to systematically examine the impact of air pollution treatment on firms’total factor productivity and its mechanism of action.First,the test assessment of policy effects found that the promulgation of ambient air quality standards could significantly reduce the concentration of PM2.5,air quality was improved,and the policy was effective.Based on this,the potential endogeneity problem was solved by applying the difference-in-differences method to empirically investigate the effect of this pollution control policy on the total factor productivity of enterprises.The results showed that the pilot implementation of ambient air quality standards significantly improved the total factor productivity of listed firms in the pilot cities.The above results still held after passing a series of robustness tests.Further mechanistic analysis suggested that the pilot implementation of the new standards acted on firms’t

关 键 词：空气污染治理 全要素生产率 双重差分法 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]