中国沿海刺网网具遗失率影响因子  

Influence factors on the netting gear loss rate of gillnet in coastal waters of China

作　　者：宋利明[1,2] 陈明锐 丁睿智 王迪 周旺 李轶婷 SONG Liming;CHEN Mingrui;DING Ruizhi;WANG Di;ZHOU Wang;LI Yiting(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2021年第11期1934-1942,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)健康生态系统和清洁环境的负责任捕捞技术项目(D8005180178);国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划(2012AA092302)。

摘　　要：为掌握影响我国沿海刺网渔船网具遗失率(R_(G))的因子及其程度,对中国沿海渔民开展了问卷调查。利用调查数据,结合GAM模型分析了影响我国刺网渔船网具遗失率的因子及其程度。结果显示:①影响我国沿海刺网渔船网具遗失率的因子(解释偏差)分别为单航次天数(86.8%)、年作业天数(4.2%)、单航次渔具携带重量(2.8%)、作业水深(2.4%)、渔船吨位(0.9%)和年均渔具采购数量(0.1%);②GAM模型能用于研究渔船网具遗失率和影响因子之间的关系;③随着单航次天数和年作业天数的增加,R_(G)呈上升的趋势;④随着作业水深的增加、单航次渔具携带重量超过18000 kg时,R_(G)呈下降趋势。建议采取以下措施以降低刺网渔船网具遗失率:①单航次天数不得超过30 d,减少年作业天数;②根据渔船的吨位,确保网具单航次携带重量在18000 kg以上;③根据刺网渔具的高度规定作业水深和作业渔区;④渔船总吨位控制在200 t以内。The primary source of ALDFG is from the coastal and oceanic fishery and the maximum risk to pro-duce ALDFG is from the coastal fishing industry.Gillnetters along the coast of China accounted for about 56%of the total number of fishing boats along the coast of China in 2018,and were one of the biggest potential source to produce ALDFG in China.Lost netting of gill net can keep the high rate of ghost fishing for more than 2 years.ALDFG produced by the gill net fishery along the coast of China will cause great influence to the coastal marine ecosystems in China.In order to understand the factors and their impact degree on the netting loss rate of gillnet in waters near China,a questionnaire survey was conducted among the Chinese coastal fishermen from June to December,2019 and the areas covered Liaoning,Shandong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces.The data from 41 gillnetters were collected including 13 variables,i.e.gross tonnage,power,vessel length,vessel age,cap-tain age,annual fishing days,average voyage days,voyage gear carrying weight,net average weight,annual pro-curement number,annual gear procurement weight,fishing depth and the lost numbers of gillnet netting.Based on the questionnaire survey data,software SPSS 23 was used to analyze the multicollinearity among 12 independent variables,and eliminate gradually 3 variables that had multicollinearity with other independent variables.The remaining 9 independent variables that had no multicollinearity among them were used to analyze the relationship with the netting loss rate of gillnet in waters near China by GAM and to determine the best GAM based on the AIC value.The results indicate that,(1)The factors(explanation deviation)that effect the netting loss rate of gillnet(R_(G))in waters near China are as follows:average voyage days(86.8%),annual fishing days(4.2%),voyage carry-ing netting weight(2.8%),fishing depth(2.4%),gross tonnage(0.9%)and annual gear procurement number(0.1%);(2)The GAM can be used to study the relationship between the netting loss ra

关 键 词：刺网 网具遗失率 影响因子 GAM 中国沿海 

分 类 号：S972.11[农业科学—捕捞与储运]