战略管理研究的演进  

Evolution of Strategic Management Research

作　　者：徐二明[1] 肖建强 XU Erming;XIAO Jianqiang(Business School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Research Institute of Economics and Management,Aviation Industry Development Research Center of China,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学商学院,北京100872 [2]中国航空工业发展研究中心经济管理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《管理科学》2021年第4期101-114,共14页Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71372157,71232011,71972119)。

摘　　要：战略管理作为一个学术研究领域已经走过了半个世纪,理论和经验研究精彩纷呈,但碎片化也在加剧。利用文献计量分析法,发现主流战略研究的演进过程如下。20世纪60年代至70年代出现奠基性著作;20世纪70年代末至80年代初战略管理开始成为一个独立研究领域,从那时起经济学范式,尤其是产业经济学和交易成本经济学一直占据领域主导地位;20世纪90年代开始,学者开始关注组织的内部,资源(能力)与竞争优势的关系成为研究重点。21世纪10年代,资源基础观和动态能力理论依旧有新发展;新兴经济体中的战略管理、再探高阶理论、组织二元性、战略即实践和战略研究方法论也逐渐发展成为有重要影响力的研究方向;制度理论似乎成为唯一一个在21世纪10年代占主导地位的战略管理新理论。对2000年前的战略管理研究进行分析揭示出3个新发现:战略管理研究与组织理论有紧密关联,社会网络理论和交易成本理论是组织之间关系研究的理论基础,组织社会学新制度理论最初在战略领域是处于边缘地位。2000年以后的战略管理研究表明,多个子领域之间有较明确的边界,相互之间共被引关系较弱,这佐证了战略领域正在碎片化的观点。同时也发现3个有趣的变化:产业经济学和交易成本经济学的影响力正在减弱,组织社会学新制度理论逐渐走到战略理论舞台的中央,研究方法论越来越受重视。中国的战略管理研究一直处于全球战略研究社区的边缘,但边缘有不可替代的价值。从中西比较的视角,中国战略学者以边缘参与者的身份,通过践行参与型学术研究,关注本土社会现象和战略议题,提高中国战略管理研究的合法性,为整个战略理论和实践的发展作出贡献。以科学的方法,从知识史的角度梳理战略领域的演进路径,拓展了已有的研究和讨论,也启迪关于本土研究的对话。As an academic research field,strategic management has gone through over half a century.Although much excellent theoretical and empirical studies accumulated,scholars recently point out that the fragmentation of the field has been explored.Using bibliometric analysis,we figure out the following evolution of strategic management research.Books that lay the foundation of strategic management research came up in 1960s and 1970s.Strategic management started to be an independent academic research field.Since then,late 1970s and early 1980s.From that time on,the economic paradigm leading by the industrial economics and transaction cost economics dominated the field.In 1990s,strategy scholars began to pay attention to the internal side of an organization.The relationship between internal resources(capabilities)and competitive advantage emerged as a key area of strategy research.During the early ten years of the 21st century,resource based view and dynamic capability theory still got lots of new developments.Strategic management in emerging economies,revisiting upper echelons theory,organizational ambidexterity,strategy-as-practice,and methodology of strategy research also emerged out gradually as influential streams.Institutional theory seems to be the only main-stream new perspective that dominates strategy community since 2010s.Supplementary analysis of the strategy literature published before 2000 adds three new findings to the big map of the evolution of strategic management research.First,there is a close relationship between strategic management research and organization theory.Second,social network theory and transaction cost theory are widely used as the theoretical foundations when studying inter-organizational relationships.Third,neo-institutional theory of organizational sociology was located at the peripheral position in the strategy field.Analysis of the publications after 2000 shows that different subfields of strategy field have clear boundaries and those core“old”references are less co-cited than the

关 键 词：战略管理 文献计量分析 本土研究 中心-边缘 参与型学术 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]